湖南香花岭花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境

湖南南部燕山早期香花岭岩体主要由铁锂云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石SiO：和K2O平均含量分别为73．72％和4．78％,Na2O＋KO平均8．47％,K2O／Na2O比值平均为1．40,A1：03平均为13．81％。总体属强过饱和铝质钙碱性一碱性花岗岩类。氧化物构造环境判别图解及区域构造演化背景反映香花岭岩体形成于后造山构造环境。     

中国桐柏大别构造带变质演化的岩石学证迹

桐柏大别构造带是秦岭造山带的东延部分，经历过多期次不同体制的构造运动，现今的桐柏大别山区是由一系列变质地体拼合而成，地体与地体之间为断层或韧性剪切带所围限各地体有自身变质变形史和PTt轨迹，但却有着碰撞造山带所共有的后造山抬升过程。本文揭示了随县群、红安岩群及大别杂岩中柯石英榴辉石、蓝晶铝直闪石片岩及紫苏石榴黑云母片麻岩的退变质再平衡结构特点。报道了大别山麻粒岩相变质年龄为1699Ma。各类岩石减压退变质再平衡结构，标志着后造山的隆升过程及其对桐柏大别构造带变质演化的启示。     

灾区恢复重建后效评估研究进展

随着全球变化加剧,世界各地自然灾害的频发,国际社会为应对自然灾害进行了不懈努 力,历届世界减灾大会不断强调对应急管理全流程的研究,恢复重建作为应急管理的重要环节而 得到广泛重视。积极开展灾区恢复重建后效评估有利于保障灾区恢复重建实施与区域可持续发 展。灾区恢复重建后效评估研究时间较短,首先比较分析了国内外恢复重建的内涵,明确了恢复 重建后效评估的基本概念,并梳理了灾区恢复重建后效评估的在中国的发展演变。由于灾区恢复 重建内容复杂多样,本文结合灾区恢复重建后效评估的发展历程、研究范围与关注时段,分别从项 目、要素与可持续性三个关键视角对后效评估的理论方法等展开评述,结果表明：（1）项目后效评 估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中起步较早,现有评估多集中于居民住房、基础设施、公共设施等工程 质量的评估,但缺乏对项目设计过程中社会居民参与度、公众满意度以及社会经济效益等的评 估。（2）要素后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中涉及范围最广,具体包括社会、经济与环境等要 素,这些要素的评估受政策绩效影响较大,后期需要构建综合的评估体系以开展科学评估。（3）可 持续性后效评估以联合国可持续发展目标与地方国民经济与社会发展计划为基础构建评估框架, 有利于促进灾区的可持续发展。通过综合分析《仙台减轻灾害风险框架》中“重建的更好”(BBB)理 念,联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）以及《巴黎协定》适应全球变化等诉求,结合当前灾区恢复重建 后效评估现状进行展望,以期为灾区恢复重建与可持续发展提供一个更为系统、综合的技术参考。     

泥浆护壁灌注桩桩底后压浆技术及其单桩竖向承载力的估算方法

通过国内近年来桩底后压浆的工程实例,介绍了泥浆护壁灌注桩后压浆技术的发展,分析了桩底后压浆技术适应的地质条件和有关技术参数,归纳出单村竖向承载力的估算方法,供初步设计时作为布桩依据。     

湖泊沉积有机碳同位素与环境变化的研究进展

湖泊沉积有机质稳定碳同位素（δ^13Corg)在区域气候与环境变化方面的应用近年来发展迅速,成果令人瞩目,保存在各类湖泊岩芯中的δ^13Corg记录揭示了晚更新世以来大气CO2浓度的变化、湖泊水位波动、湖区生态与植被的变迁以及气温变化等重要环境信息,由于造成δ^13Corg值变化的影响因素较多,确定个湖与环境变化有关的主导因素时常有赖于其它证据的帮助,诸如地球化学、古湖沼学、孢粉学、分子同位素地层学等等,前人通过研究来自不同类型湖泊、具不同曲线形态特征的δ^13Corg记录,提出了多种环境解释模型,本文对此作了归纳和评述。鉴别和澄清湖泊沉积有机质的源物质以及有机物源随环境变化而发生过的变化,是研究δ^13Corg记录环境意义至关重要的基础性工作,由于有机质含量、碳氮比值、氢指数、生物残留物鉴别等常能提供有关有关湖泊有机质来源、产率、成岩作用等方面的有用信息,这方面的研究结果应该尽可能一并提供,以利于恰当地应用现有的环境解释模型,或者建立个湖新模型,单体生物标志化合物鉴别通常也能为区分湖积有机质中陆生、水生、细菌生等不同碳的来源提供有用信息,特定化合物同位素分析技术近年来成功地应用于建立单体生物标志化合物碳同位素地层学,为湖积有机碳同位素在生态环境演变研究方面的应用提供了思路,我国许多湖泊的湖底沉积岩芯尚未钻取,那些对过去全球变化研究有价值的δ^13Corg记录有待我们去获取和研究。     

A novel computational approach for large deformation and post‐failure analyses of segmental retaining wall systems

Segmental retaining wall (SRW) systems are commonly used in geotechnical practice to stabilize cut and fill slopes. Because of their flexibility, these systems can tolerate minor movements and settlements without incurring damage or crack. Despite these advantages, very few numerical studies of large deformations and post‐failure behavior of SRW systems are found in the current literature. Traditional numerical methods, such as the finite element method, suffer from mesh entanglement, thus are unable to simulate large deformations and flexible behavior of retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. To overcome the above limitations, a novel computational framework based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed to simulate large deformations and post‐failure behavior of soils and retaining wall blocks in SRW systems. The proposed numerical framework is a hybrid continuum/discontinuum approach that can model soil as an elasto‐plastic material and retaining wall blocks as independent rigid bodies associated with both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A new contact model is proposed within the SPH framework to simulate the interaction between the soil and the blocks and between the blocks. As an application of the proposed numerical method, a two‐dimensional simulation of an SRW collapse was simulated and compared to experimental results conducted under the same conditions. The results showed that the proposed computational approach provided satisfactory agreement with the experiment. This suggests that the new framework is a promising numerical approach to model SRW systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用残差统计检验评估区域GPS大地测量网解算方案

采用美国喷气推进实验室JPL发展的GIPSY软件解算区域GPS网，比较了固家精密星历和同时固定精密星历及卫星钟参数2种解算方案，残差统计检验表明前者的左中仍保留了部分未解出的信号而后者的残差接近于白噪声高斯分布，解算结果与ITRF96的比较和对重复率的统计表明，残差分布合理的解算较优，简单的线差统计检验的计算可提供重要的解算评估。     

Small macro‐benthic invertebrates influence the survival,growth and behaviour of juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in the laboratory

Recent settlers of many marine benthic invertebrates are cryptic, which exposes them to a suite of animals that differs from those they may experience as adults, potentially resulting in interactions causing mortality and/or reducing growth. Previous field experiments have indicated that such is the case with small juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis but which taxa are responsible for the mortality and reduced growth was not determined. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of small macro‐benthic invertebrates, specifically chitons, scaleworms and larger juvenile conspecifics, as well as the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms, on the mortality, growth and behaviour of small (<3 mm) juvenile sea urchins. The likelihood of survival of small juvenile sea urchins was lower in the presence of larger juvenile sea urchins or with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms than in the absence of animals. The small juvenile sea urchins survived and grew the best when they were with chitons and scaleworms. The behaviour of small sea urchins with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms was more cryptic than the behaviour of urchins with scaleworms. This study indicates that interactions with the suite of small organisms living amongst cobbles can affect survival, growth and behaviour of small juvenile sea urchins, and that larger juvenile sea urchins can be a source of mortality for smaller conspecifics.     

旋挖成孔灌注桩后注浆工艺在成都京东方桩基工程中的应用

旋挖成孔灌注桩以其适用范围广、施工速度快等优点在工程领域中得到广泛应用,但也因其沉渣难以控制、在大直径卵石地区施工不便等因素使其发展受到制约。根据成都京东方桩基工程实例,首先分析了湿法作业下旋挖成孔灌注桩后注浆工艺的施工技术要点,进而对后注浆工艺的注浆量、注浆压力、泥浆用量进行总结,最后,对桩端沉渣控制、填方地段施工工艺等工程问题的处理提出建议措施。     

Parameter sensitivity of automated baseflow separation for snowmelt‐dominated watersheds and new filtering procedure for determining end of snowmelt period

Automation in baseflow separation procedures allowed fast and convenient baseflow and baseflow index (BF and BFI) estimation for studies including multiple watersheds and covering large spatio‐temporal scales. While most of the existing algorithms are developed and tested extensively for rainfall‐ and baseflow‐dominated systems, little attention is paid on their suitability for snowmelt‐dominated systems. Current publishing practice in regional‐scale studies is to omit BF and BFI uncertainty evaluation or sensitivity analysis. Instead, “standard” and “previously recommended” parameterizations are transferred from rainfall/BF to snowmelt‐dominated systems. We believe that this practice should be abandoned. First, we demonstrate explicitly that the three most popular heuristic automated BF separation methods—Lyne–Hollick and Eckhardt recursive digital filters, and the U.K. Institute of Hydrology smoothed minima method—produce a wide range of annual BF and BFI estimates due to parameter sensitivity during the annual snowmelt period. Then, we propose a solution for cases when BF and BFI calibration is not possible, namely excluding the snowmelt‐dominated period from the analysis. We developed an automated filtering procedure, which divides the hydrograph into pre‐snowbelt, post‐snowmelt, and snowmelt periods. The filter was tested successfully on 218 continuous water years of daily streamflow data for four snowmelt‐dominated headwater watersheds located in Wyoming (60–837 km²). The post‐snowmelt BF and BFI metric can be used for characterizing summer low‐flows for snowmelt‐dominated systems. Our results show that post‐snowmelt BF and BFI sensitivity to filter parameterization is reduced compared with the sensitivity of annual BF and BFI and is similar to the sensitivity levels for rainfall/baseflow systems.