Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985

Column measurements of nitric oxide were made using several techniques during the MAP/GLOBUS campaign in France in September 1985. The data sets are nearly co-located and simultaneous, therefore allowing a valid intercomparison of the various measurement methods. The range of altitudes sampled differs from instrument to instrument. This complicates the comparison because the data sets are to some extent complementary. The NO distributions apparently vary significantly from day to day, and possibly over shorter timescales. Changes in dynamics may be responsible for these variations. The results from the instruments which measure in the infrared and the ultraviolet are self-consistent, and show good agreement with photochemical predictions. On 19 September, when the intercomparison was made, the profile measured by the in-situ chemiluminescent instrument differed significantly from the predicted profile, and the measured columns were generally higher.     

Influence of the surface microlayer on the flux of nonconservative trace gases (CO,H2, CH4, N2O) across the ocean-atmosphere interface

Gas exchange experiments were conducted in the tropical Atlantic Ocean during a ship expedition with FS Meteor using a small rubber raft. The temporal change of the mixing ratios of CO, H₂, CH₄ and N₂O in the headspace of a floating glass box and the concentrations of these gases in the water phase were measured to determine their transfer velocities across the ocean-atmosphere interface. The ocean acted as a sink for these gases when the water was undersaturated with respect to the mixing ratio in the headspace. The transfer velocities were different for the individual gases and showed still large differences even when normalized for diffusivity. Applying the laminar film model, film thicknesses of 20 to 70 m were calculated for the observed flux rates of the different gas species. When the water was supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO, H₂, CH₄ and N₂O, the transfer velocities of the emission process were smaller than those determined for the deposition process. In case of H₂ and CH₄, emission was even not calculable although, based on the observed gradient, the laminar film model predicted significant fluxes at the air-sea interface. The results are interpreted by destruction processes active within the surface microlayer.     

Seismic wave attenuation in fluid-saturated porous media

Contrary to the traditional view, seismic attenuation in Biot's theory of fluid-saturated porous media is due to viscous damping of local (not global) pore-fluid motion. Since substantial inhomogeneities in fluid permeability of porous geological materials are to be expected, the regions of highest local permeability contribute most to the wave energy dissipation while those of lowest permeability dominate the fluid flow rate if they are uniformly distributed. This dichotomy can explain some of the observed discrepancies between computed and measured attenuation of compressional and shear waves in porous earth. One unfortunate consequence of this result is the fact that measured seismic wave attenuation in fluid-filled geological materials cannot be used directly as a diagnostic of the global fluid-flow permeability.     

攀西地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构

本文用矿石显微镜及单晶X射线分析方法,研究了攀枝花—西昌地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构共生组合特点、各出溶相间的关系和分布方位以及不同岩石和矿石显微结构共生组合上的差异。业已查明它们受岩浆旋回和岩石类型所控制。本文指出了磁铁矿-钛铁晶石固溶体显微出溶结构可能是拐点分解经调制结构后的终期产物。     

游离氧化铁形态转化对红粘土工程性质的影响

本文通过模拟环境中的有机质使游离氧化铁形态转化对典型红粘土工程性质的影响试验,系统地测试了游离氧化铁的形态分布与物性指标的关系。试验结果表明,在渍水条件下,游离氧化铁的形态转化对红粘土性质的影响不显著,但在渗水条件下,由于游离氧化铁的流失使得胶结作用减弱,它对红粘土工程性质的影响逐渐明显,其潜在的危害仍然是不容忽视的。     

Studies of Nitrous Oxide Emission from Farmlands in North China

Measurements of nitrous oxide emission from agricultural lands were conducted. The results show that nitrous oxide fluxes on several soils are at the range of 2-60 μg . N / m2 h. Factors influencing the production rates of nitrous oxide from the soils, such as soil temperature, soil moisture and fertilization, are discussed. The calculated amount of nitrous oxide emission from China farmlands is 9.8 × 107 Kg . N per year, which accounts for about 10% of the total source strength in China areas.     

四川紫色水稻土氧化铁的分异

以岷江冲积物、黄壤残积物发育成的水稻土为对照,研究了紫色砂岩泥岩母质发育成的紫色水稻土氧化铁的形态及其含量和转化。揭示了紫色水稻土具有无定形铁含量,铁活化度较高,氧化铁的转化作用较弱等独特的发生特性。     

由MgMn_2O_4制备新型离子筛吸附剂及其对锂的吸附性质

从Mg、Mn混合溶液制备了镁锰氧化物MgMn_2O_4,并由此制得新型离子筛氧化锰HMnO(Mg)。它在碱金属及碱土金属离子中对Li~+显示了很高的选择性,pH8时分配系数Kd值顺序为Li>>Ca>Mg>K>Na,可以从实际卤水中将Li~+选择性吸附,吸附容量达20.4mg/g,用稀HCI溶液易于将吸附的Lj~+洗脱并使吸附剂再生。经用卤水和HCI五次吸附——洗脱循环,Li~+吸附容量没有降低,洗脱率总是大于90％。     

聚四氟乙烯平板型气态膜回收淡盐水中氯气

本文以离子膜电解氯化钾制取碳酸钾工艺产生的淡盐水为原料,系统地研究了聚四氟乙烯平板型气态膜回收氯过程中膜性能和次氯酸钠水溶液的制备。初步研究表明,次氯酸钠含量大于100g/L,氢氧化钠有效利用率为90％;聚四氟乙烯膜有传质快、对离子截留性能好、使用寿命长等优点,在工业上有较好的应用前景。     

黑河地区玉米地膜覆盖节水增产灌溉制度的数学模型

通过一年的试验,初步得出参试各变量x_1(灌溉定额)、x_2(灌溉次数)、x_3(头水叶龄)和x_4(保苗株数)对产量y的多元回归模型。利用这一模型分析了各参试因子对产量的作用,并通过频数分析,筛选了地膜覆盖条件下玉米高于某一产量指标,同时限制灌溉定额或灌水次数的节水增产的优化措施组合。本文还分析了参试因子对玉米产量构成因素的影响,评价了地膜的节水效果和增温增产效果,初步探索了地膜玉米的节水增产机理。