全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5048篇 |
免费 | 483篇 |
国内免费 | 260篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 232篇 |
大气科学 | 236篇 |
地球物理 | 1651篇 |
地质学 | 1190篇 |
海洋学 | 810篇 |
天文学 | 53篇 |
综合类 | 190篇 |
自然地理 | 1429篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 109篇 |
2021年 | 148篇 |
2020年 | 223篇 |
2019年 | 195篇 |
2018年 | 173篇 |
2017年 | 245篇 |
2016年 | 245篇 |
2015年 | 188篇 |
2014年 | 211篇 |
2013年 | 511篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 182篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 224篇 |
2008年 | 302篇 |
2007年 | 278篇 |
2006年 | 272篇 |
2005年 | 243篇 |
2004年 | 193篇 |
2003年 | 169篇 |
2002年 | 147篇 |
2001年 | 119篇 |
2000年 | 144篇 |
1999年 | 135篇 |
1998年 | 119篇 |
1997年 | 117篇 |
1996年 | 80篇 |
1995年 | 80篇 |
1994年 | 65篇 |
1993年 | 75篇 |
1992年 | 45篇 |
1991年 | 33篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5791条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
81.
Evaluating fishery impacts using metrics of community structure 总被引:8,自引:14,他引:8
82.
A study of an expanding seagrass bed on the south-west coast of British Columbia, Canada involved documentation and explanation of the pattern of expansion of the vegetation as well as documentation and experimental investigation of the accompanying changes in the distribution of infaunal invertebrates. Expansion followed a major environmental change, improved water clarity initiated in 1969 when a causeway blocked access to the site for silty Fraser River water. The original eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed expanded landward over 30 m year−1, probably causing more and more water to be retained in the bed at low tide and thus improving its own habitat. More rapid expansion occurred from 1979–1983 after Z.japonica colonized at the landward edge of the eelgrass bed and in a separate intertidal area. Expansion ceased around 1983 coincident with, but probably independent of, further construction.Burrowing shrimp (Callianassa californiensis) decreased in abundance between 1977 and 1984 in areas where the two seagrasses colonized. Short-term experiment over one summer and fall showed that removal of all shoots allowed adult shrimp and tube worms to colonize the sediment while addition of shoots of Z. japonica by transplanting caused temporary decreases in shrimp abundance. After a few weeks an established shrimp population destroyed the transplants. Among reasonable alternate hypotheses for the decline in Callianassa, the effect of sediment texture can be eliminated, but either direct negative effects of seagrass, i.e. inhibition of the burrowing of adult shrimp or of settlement of juveniles, or indirect effects, i.e. the harboring of more predators of shrimp in seagrass beds, deserve further study. 相似文献
83.
贡湖及其相关水域风生流模拟研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在太湖风生流的数值模拟研究的基础上,设计模拟贡湖及其相关水域风生流的套网格数值模式。应用该模式研究不同风情下,梅梁湖,太湖主体湖水对贡湖的影响。 相似文献
84.
Abstract. We describe the basic ecology of two key-hole limpets, Fissurella crassa and Fissurella limbata , which are heavily harvested by coastal shellfishermen (mariscadores) at the rocky intertidal of central Chile. The ecological role of human predation on these species was assessed. Anthropic exclusion from a stretch of the rocky intertidal at Las Cruces (non-harvested area) for about two and a half years resulted in changes of the densities and size distributions of these fissurelid species as compared to populations in control zones (harvested area). Differential human predation generates, on key-hole limpets, responses of different intensities related to the accessibility of man to the mesohabitats (sheltered platforms, exposed platforms and vertical walls) and fringes of the intertidal (mid-low intertidal and Lessonia nigrescens fringe). Thus, size distributions and mean densities of both fissurelids differ widely between the harvested and non-harvested areas on both platform habitats but not on vertical walls. In the mid-low intertidal fringe, differences are greater than in the less accessible L. nigrescens intertidal fringe. Moreover, we discuss the way in which other species, directly harvested by mariscadores (i. e., the mollusc Concholepas concholepas) can affect the keyhole limpet populations of central Chile rocky shores. Finally, we highlight the ecological role of these limpets on the dynamics of intertidal ecosystems and how they can modify community landscape. 相似文献
85.
Sequence variation of the first internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA ( ITS - 1 ) was examined and its application to the study of genetic variation was explored in four populations of farter' s scallop Chlamys farreri. ITS - 1 fragments, with a length of about 300 bp,of 78 individuals collected from Dalian, Qingdao, Yantai in China and Korea respectively were amplified via PCR, cloned and sequenced. Intra-genomic variation was examined by sequencing several clones of single individuals. Alignment and polymorphism analysis detected 44 haplotypes and 50 polymorphic sites which consist of 30 substitutions and 20 indels, indicating a high level of polymorphisms. Sequence analysis also showed a very low level of intra-individual variation. All these features validated the feasibility of application of ITS - 1 fragment to population analysis. Polymorphism analysis showed that the Korea sample has the richest genetic variation, followed by Yantai and Qingdao samples. AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) showed that the majority (96.26%) of genetic variation was distributed within populations and 3.74% resulted from among populations, but with P 〈 0.05 ( = 0.042), indicating that the populations in this study have significant divergence. This output was basically concordant with the result arising from RAPD data and different from that from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence data. Discussion on this inconsistency was made accordingly. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
本文结合CA(cellular automata)和AR(auto-regression)提出模拟人口空间场属性变化的CA-AR模型,以1991~2006年成都市各区、县市的人口统计数据和成都市行政区划图为基础,将行政单元转化为单元网格,分别建立成都市主城区各单元格的CA-AR模型。结果显示,模拟结果的绝对误差和相对误差都较小,模拟精度较高,模型的显著性水平都比较高,说明CA-AR模型用于模拟人口空间场的人口数量变化是可行的。 相似文献
89.
Three-dimensional modelling from single images remains an interesting topic of investigation in the research community, even though range sensors are becoming a common alternative for the generation of 3D information. The interest in single-image-based modelling is motivated by a wide spectrum of applications such as cultural heritage, civil engineering, urban planning and even criminology. In this paper a complete new production flowline is presented for modelling based on a single image. The modelling process consists of a series of familiar steps in photogrammetry and computer vision: feature extraction, vanishing point computation, camera self-calibration, 3D reconstruction and dimensional analysis. In particular, the methodology developed for single-image-based modelling takes a scientific approach combining several proven techniques with robust estimators. Finally, in order to demonstrate its capabilities, the reported examples include several real situations applied in different contexts. 相似文献
90.
A data-driven approach to local gravity field modelling using spherical radial basis functions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We propose a methodology for local gravity field modelling from gravity data using spherical radial basis functions. The methodology
comprises two steps: in step 1, gravity data (gravity anomalies and/or gravity disturbances) are used to estimate the disturbing
potential using least-squares techniques. The latter is represented as a linear combination of spherical radial basis functions
(SRBFs). A data-adaptive strategy is used to select the optimal number, location, and depths of the SRBFs using generalized
cross validation. Variance component estimation is used to determine the optimal regularization parameter and to properly
weight the different data sets. In the second step, the gravimetric height anomalies are combined with observed differences
between global positioning system (GPS) ellipsoidal heights and normal heights. The data combination is written as the solution
of a Cauchy boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation. This allows removal of the non-uniqueness of the problem of local
gravity field modelling from terrestrial gravity data. At the same time, existing systematic distortions in the gravimetric
and geometric height anomalies are also absorbed into the combination. The approach is used to compute a height reference
surface for the Netherlands. The solution is compared with NLGEO2004, the official Dutch height reference surface, which has
been computed using the same data but a Stokes-based approach with kernel modification and a geometric six-parameter “corrector
surface” to fit the gravimetric solution to the GPS-levelling points. A direct comparison of both height reference surfaces
shows an RMS difference of 0.6 cm; the maximum difference is 2.1 cm. A test at independent GPS-levelling control points, confirms
that our solution is in no way inferior to NLGEO2004. 相似文献