2019年6月17日四川长宁MS 6.0地震灾害损失快速评估精准性分析

地震发生时刻、震级、极震区烈度评估、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵等是影响地震灾害损失计算的主要因素,各因素存在不确定性,导致评估结果与实际结果存在一定差距。文中对2019年6月19日四川长宁6.0级地震灾害损失快速评估精准性进行分析,探讨极震区烈度评估、地震影响场、烈度衰减关系模型、人员伤亡评估模型、房屋震害矩阵对评估结果的影响及与真实结果存在的偏差,结果表明,提高地震影响场评估、人口、房屋建筑等数据空间分布精准性,是提高地震灾害损失快速评估系统精准性的基础和前提。     

兰州半荒漠植被区红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)种群数量动态

对兰州市永登县半荒漠植被区天然分布的红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)种群实地调查取样,利用红砂植株地径大小与相应年轮年龄的关系,得出回归方程,求出各地径对应年龄,编制静态生命表、分析动态指数、存活曲线、生存分析曲线。结果表明:各生境红砂种群均表现出新苗和幼株丰富,占种群株数的比例大;所有样地存活曲线均接近于Deevev-Ⅲ型(凹型);静态生命表显示,生境异质性,特别是水分差异,致使红砂种群表现出2种不同的环境适应策略;各生境种群动态指数均基本为正值,充分说明样地内的红砂种群基本处于发育状态,整体上是稳定增长的。     

中国分省尺度人口分布适宜度研究(英文)

The relationship between population distribution and resources, environment and social-economic development has a significant influence on the human development. This paper set up a set of index system and model methods for the assessment of the coordination between population and resources, environment and social-economic development, and it quantitatively evaluated this coordination at the provincial scale in 2000 and 2010 respectively. Based on this set of index system, the suitability degree and the spatial-temporal pattern of population distribution at the provincial scale were carefully characterized. The restriction of population distribution at the provincial scale was graded and classified, and the coordinated development strategy of population, resources, environment and social economy was finally put forward. The results showed that:(1) The environmental suitability of population distribution at the provincial scale was generally high in China, which tended to be stable from 2000 to 2010.(2) The restriction of water and land resources at the provincial scale was generally strong in China, but it tended to be weak from 2000 to 2010.(3) The coordination degree between the social-economic development and population distribution at the provincial scale was mostly at a middle level, which was in the positive upward path from 2000 to 2010.(4) The suitability of population distribution at the provincial scale was mostly at a middle level, all of which was rising from 2000 to 2010.(5) The coordination degree between population distribution and resources, environment and social-economic development at the provincial scale was divided into four grades, including basic coordination, relative coordination, awaited coordination and urgent-needed coordination.(6) The basic ways to promote the coordinated development of population, resources and environment in different regions in China can be summarized as: implementing the strategy of population agglomeration and evacuation, guiding the orderly flow of population, optimizing the spatial distribution of population and drawing up the spatial planning of population development.     

Research on the suitability of population distribution at the provincial scale in China

The relationship between population distribution and resources, environment and social-economic development has a significant influence on the human development. This paper set up a set of index system and model methods for the assessment of the coordination between population and resources, environment and social-economic development, and it quantitatively evaluated this coordination at the provincial scale in 2000 and 2010 respectively Based on this set of index system, the suitability degree and the spatial-temporal pattern of population distribution at the provincial scale were carefully characterized. The restriction of population distribution at the provincial scale was graded and classified, and the coordinated development strategy of population, resources, environment and social economy was finally put forward. The results showed that： （1） The environmental suitability of population distribu- tion at the provincial scale was generally high in China, which tended to be stable from 2000 to 2010. （2） The restriction of water and land resources at the provincial scale was generally strong in China, but it tended to be weak from 2000 to 2010. （3） The coordination degree between the social-economic development and population distribution at the provincial scale was mostly at a middle level, which was in the positive upward path from 2000 to 2010. （4） The suitability of population distribution at the provincial scale was mostly at a middle level, all of which was rising from 2000 to 2010. （5） The coordination degree between population dis- tribution and resources, environment and social-economic development at the provincial scale was divided into four grades, including basic coordination, relative coordination, awaited coordination and urgent-needed coordination. （6） The basic ways to promote the coordinated development of population, resources and environment in different regions in China can be summarized as： implementing the strategy of population agglomeration and evacuation, guiding the orderly flow of population, optimizing the spatial distribution of popu- lation and drawing up the spatial planning of population development.     

Population of a spatio-temporal knowledge base for jurisdictional domains

Jurisdictional domains are legal divisions of the Earth’s surface frequently used in classification and search systems for location-based queries. However, there are few compilations of jurisdictional domains that include their evolution. One of the causes is the complexity of their generation. As an advance in this area, this paper describes a process that facilitates the creation of knowledge bases containing the evolution of jurisdictional domains. As application example, this paper presents the creation of a jurisdictional knowledge base of Spain with its evolution between 1830 and 2011.     

河南省两次春季暴雨过程的对比

利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2008和2009年春季河南出现的两次区域暴雨过程进行了诊断对比分析。结果表明：500 hPa低槽、中低空切变、地面气旋是这两次过程共同的影响系统。Q矢量辐合和上升运动为两次春季暴雨的发生提供了有利的动力条件。两次过程的水汽均集中在800 hPa以下,主要是低层和边界层的水汽辐合,强的水汽输送和水汽辐合对暴雨的产生有非常重要的贡献。两次过程的大气层结均表现为对流稳定,这点与夏季暴雨有明显的区别。     

加速度迁移项散度在涡旋系统动力识别上的初步应用

本文从原始三维运动方程出发,考虑了大气平流变化的特性,引入加速度迁移项散度,并将其应用于2008年"凤凰"台风和2003年梅雨期引起暴雨的东移低涡中进行分析,结果表明,加速度迁移项散度能较好地识别和示踪台风中心及台风外围云墙,同时也能很好地捕捉沿梅雨锋东移的低涡系统.因此,加速度迁移项散度在涡旋系统动力识别方面有很好的...     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤氮循环微生物类群数量与功能活性的初步研究

南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛被认为是研究南极生态与生物资源的理想之地。本研究从该半岛全岛范围采集了3类不同类型的土壤样品,采用传统最大或然法(MPN)对其所含氮循环各类群微生物的总量进行了测定,同时利用常规Griess试剂、纳氏试剂等显色法初步估算了各菌群的功能活性强度,并结合土壤理化性质和采样点生态等进行了初步分析。目的是对该半岛土壤氮循环微生物进行先期初步了解,为进一步深入研究它们的其他特性奠定基础。结果表明:13个土样中所含氮循环微生物总量趋势为氨化菌反硝化菌硝化菌和固氮菌(活菌数),除极个别样品外均具有不同程度的硝化、反硝化、氨化活性。其中,所有土壤样品均具有比较高的氨化菌含量及氨化活性强度;丘陵山坡土壤的反硝化菌含量与反硝化活性强度要高于动、植物区土壤(极个别样品除外);动物区和植物区土壤的硝化菌含量较少,但硝化活性强度较高,预示着可能存在高效功能菌株;而丘陵山坡土壤的硝化菌含量及硝化活性强度则表现得高低不一。本结果为进一步深入研究该地区氮循环微生物提供了前期参考。     

城市蔓延综合指数的评价与分析——以武汉市为例

城市蔓延是城市边界向外扩张、城市用地更为分散的现象,往往是人口增长、经济收入提高、交通便捷、土地利用变化等引起的。采用集成3S技术综合测度城市蔓延的程度,将城市蔓延的综合指数分解为人口指数(Ips)、社会经济指数(Ies)、交通指数(Its)和土地利用指数(Ils),并融合遥感、地理信息系统和空间分析技术进行多因素多因子评价,对武汉市1984—2013年城市蔓延程度进行度量。研究结果表明:Ips总体呈直线上升,Ies、Its和Ils总体呈指数型上升,Ils和Its近5年的增幅较大;路网密度空间自相关指数Moran’s I值最低,分布最为分散,Its权重值最高,建设用地比例权重值最低;城市蔓延度综合指数在2004年前的增长速度相对缓慢,之后呈显著上升趋势。