东中部地区城市人口、经济与城市建设用地的非均衡与协调性分析

基于2000、2015年中国东中部地区261个地级市统计与土地利用数据,运用空间自相关模型,变异系数和三元协调度模型分析其城市人口、GDP和城市建设用地的空间集聚态势和非均衡变化过程,揭示人口城市化与土地城市化的协调程度。结果显示：（1）城市人口、GDP和建设用地的Moran’s I指数均为正值且2015年的值大于2000年的值,显示出明显的空间集聚特征,且在2000—2015年集聚特征不断加强;（2）城市人口密度和人均GDP的变异系数分别从2000年的1.38和0.91下降到2015年的0.96和0.70,地均GDP从1.32上升到1.77,表明城市人口密度和地均GDP的差异在逐步减小,但地均GDP的不均衡性却在增大;（3）2015年,共有171个地级市城市用地规模增长弹性系数小于1.12且人均城市用地小于115m²,但有104个地级市地均GDP在1000元/m²以下,表明虽然绝大部分地级市城市化规模和速率都在可控范围之内,城市用地经济产出仍然相对较低;（4）90%以上地级市的城市人口、GDP和城市建设用地三者在两个研究时间段内处于协调发展状态。     

Public participation applied to the environmental planning

This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public parti,cipation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.     

城市人口的遥感估算方法

常规人口估算方法耗时、费力、财物消耗大且周期长,况且,仅靠少数年份的人口统计资料也是难以准确揭示人口状况的。尽管应用遥感方法估算人口的历史并不长,精度也还不高,但已显示了其优越性。遥感估算人口的主要原理如下。 (1)美国国防卫星及NOAA卫星的热红外通道图像说明,人口分布及其数量与城市耗能量(人工热源)相关,而耗能量又与图像灰度相关;(2)城市人口的膨胀与城市面积的扩展相关;(3)像片上进行住宅计数,用人口普查资料或抽样调查方法确定每户平均人数则可进行人口估算;4)人口密度大小也反映在人工结构物及自然物体的波谱反射率差异上,据此可建立人口数量与反射率的回归方程。     

地理国情普查数据支持下的人口空间化方法

针对传统的人口空间化方法存在数据源多、模型复杂、忽视居住建筑类型的影响等问题,提出了一种以居住建筑作为人口分布参考的人口空间化方法。在地理国情普查数据的支持下,文章选取株洲市境内的18个乡镇为研究区。首先,将研究区内的居住建筑重分类为多层房屋、低矮房屋和废弃房屋,采用最小二乘法求算各类居住建筑的居住密度。然后,根据各乡镇人口估计值的相对误差对各乡镇各类居住建筑的居住密度进行修正。最后,运用GIS的叠加分析技术得到250m格网人口密度图。检验结果表明,人口估计值与人口统计值的线性拟合斜率为0.965,另外基于居住建筑重分类的人口空间化方法使得人口估计精度较未重分类时有了明显提高。     

福建县域人口流动空间差异分析

针对当前国内对人口流动空间分布问题常采用的单一指标以及数理统计方法、忽略了空间效应、很难正确识别人口流动地域类型以及空间分布模式的问题,提出了一种以县域以人口净迁移率为横坐标和以人口总迁移率为纵坐标的复合指标法。首先对2010-2013年福建省85个县域的人口流动地域类型进行了测度和划分;随后,为进一步探索人口流动集聚程度,采用探索性空间数据分析方法进行了量化分析。结果表明:福建省县域人口流动空间分布差异显著;福建省县域人口流动的地理集聚特征显著且存在明显的正相关关系,并且"低-低"类型分布占据主要地位。研究结果为发现福建省县域人口流动空间模式,更好地为人口流动区域差异进行量化分析提供了强有力的支撑。     

Dasymetric Spatiotemporal Interpolation

This research applies the principles of dasymetric mapping to spatiotemporal interpolation by extending the spatial concepts of zone and area to their temporal analogs of interval and duration, respectively. An example application of dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation using crime event data is presented. Results indicate that dasymetric spatiotemporal interpolation significantly improves the accuracy of estimates over areal or duration weighting. In addition, even when dasymetric interpolation in either the spatial or temporal dimension is relatively weak, combining dasymetric estimation in both space and time dimensions simultaneously has the potential to amplify the accuracy of the overall dasymetric estimation.     

Spatial Concentration in Australian Regional Development,Exogenous Shocks and Regional Demographic Outcomes: a South Australian case study

ABSTRACT

As a tribute to the massive contribution of our friend and colleague Graeme Hugo to the population and settlement geography of Australian rural areas, this paper presents a longitudinal study from his home State. It forms part of a wider study of the long-term demographic relationships between Australia’s rapidly growing regional cities and their surrounding functional regions. Of particular interest is the question of what effect the accelerating concentration of population and economic activity into a given regional city will have for the longer term demographic sustainability of its functional region as a whole. Taking the case of Port Lincoln, regional capital of most of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula, it examines the nature of change in the functional region over the period 1947–2011, and investigates the forces feeding, and partly counteracting, the population concentration process, informed by concepts of evolutionary economic geography. In particular it traces the demographic impact (particularly differential migration and ageing trends) of exogenous shocks to the region’s essentially primary productive economic base during the period of major change from 1981 to 2011.     

基于作息空间思想的人口统计数据空间化方法

探讨了基于作息空间思想的人口统计数据空间化方法。定义居住和工作的活动空间范围为作息空间,并结合土地利用类型数据和泰森多边形构建了作息空间,以作息空间人口密度作为人口空间分布的表达方式。对辽宁省2005年人口统计数据进行了实例分析,精度优于传统的面积权重内插法,结果的地图渲染能够表现受自然因素和社会经济因素影响的人口分布特征。该方法不涉及复杂的权重计算过程,也可以避免主观因素的干扰,简单易行,有较强的实用性。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Boundary Control and Legal Priniciples . Curtis M. Brown , Walter G. Robillard and Donald A. Wilson . Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation . R. Peter Gillis and Thomas R. Roach . The Navajo Atlas: Resources, People, and History of the Dine Bikeyah . James M. Goodman . The City and the Sign . M. Gottdiener AND Alexandros Ph . Lagopoulos , EDS. The Comfortable House: North American Suburban Architecture 1890–1930 . Alan Gowans . Arabic-Islamic Cities. Building and Planning Principles . Besim Salim Hakim . Contemporary Climatology . Ann Henderson -Sellers and Peter J. Robinson . A Trace of Desert Waters . Samuel G. Houghton . Geography, Resources and Environment. Vol. 1: Selected Writings of Gilbert F. White. Vol. 2: Themes from the Work of Gilbert F. White . Robert W. Kates AND Ian Burton , ED. Spatial Dimensions of Unemployment and Underemployment (A Case Study of Rural Punjab) . Gopal Krishan . Maps of the Holy Land: Cartobibliography of Printed Maps, 1475–1900 . Compiled by Eran Laor , assisted by Shoshana Klein . The Geography of Third World Cities . Stella Lowder . A Perspective on U.S. Farm Problems and Agricultural Policy . Lance Mc Kinzie , Timothy G. Baker AND Wallace E. Tyner . Soil Erosion and Its Control. R.P.C . Morgan , ED Geopolitics . Patrick O'Sullivan . Landscape, Meanings and Values . Edmund C. Penning -Rowsell AND David Lowenthal , EDS.     

河南省老龄人口的空间分布及变动

根据人口普查数据资料,运用数理统计分析方法对河南省老龄人口的分布及其变动、人口密度及其变化趋势等进行分析。河南乡村老龄人口仍占多数,但其分布重心正逐步向城镇转移;各地区老龄人口规模相差较大且分异明显,同时,地区间老龄人口密度差异悬殊,增长变化差距很大;老龄人口分布虽存在地区差异,但发展变化总的趋势是人口老龄化、高龄化加速发展,养老服务需求增大。建立科学合理的社会养老服务体系是当前应对人口老龄化、保障和改善民生的必然要求。