海拉尔盆地乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷岩性一地层油藏成藏特征及勘探方向

乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷是海拉尔盆地油气勘探的主战场,其岩性—地层油藏勘探程度较低,剩余油气资源勘探潜力较大.对乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷成藏特征的研究表明,岩性—地层油藏是主要的油藏类型,可分为岩性油藏、地层油藏和复合油藏3种类型油藏.油气主要沿不整合面及不同级次湖泛面上下分布,平面上围绕生油洼槽分布,不同的构造带上,发育的岩性—地层...     

外源一氧化氮和金属铜对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响

以亚心形扁藻为研究对象,通过添加不同浓度一氧化氮(NO)(1.4×10-10～1.4×10-5 mol/L)培养,探讨NO对微藻生长、H2O2和MDA含量以及SOD活性的影响;通过对只添加金属Cu、同时添加Cu与NO实验,对微藻的H2O2和MDA含量以及SOD活性的影响进行了对比研究。结果表明,藻细胞活性氧的代谢有随NO浓度增加的趋势,同时细胞内的抗氧化酶SOD活性和MDA含量都有相应的变化,NO作为环境的"刺激物"提高了细胞内的活性氧水平,对抗氧化系统起到激活或伤害作用。在Cu胁迫下,藻细胞活性氧代谢明显提高,SOD活性提高,并导致细胞膜脂过氧化;但外源NO能明显降低活性氧的水平,并恢复SOD活性和MDA含量,对抗氧化系统起到保护作用,提高微藻的抗氧化能力。研究表明,NO在海洋浮游植物中扮演着"双重角色"——氧化剂和抗氧化剂,从而对微藻的生长起到重要的调节作用。     

Knowledge co-production for Indigenous adaptation pathways: Transform post-colonial articulation complexes to empower local decision-making

Co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge has been identified as useful to generating adaptation pathways with Indigenous peoples, who are attached to their traditional lands and thus highly exposed to the impacts of climate change. However, ignoring the complex and contested histories of nation-state colonisation can result in naïve adaptation plans that increase vulnerability. Here, through a case study in central Australia, we investigate the conditions under which co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge can support climate change adaptation pathways among place-attached Indigenous communities. A research team including scientists, Ltyentye Apurte Rangers and other staff from the Central Land Council first undertook activities to co-produce climate change presentations in the local Arrernte language; enable community members to identify potential adaptation actions; and implement one action, erosion control. Second, we reflected on the outcomes of these activities in order to unpack deeper influences. Applying the theory of articulation complexes, we show how ideologies, institutions and economies have linked Indigenous societies and the establishing Australian nation-state since colonisation. The sequence of complexes characterised as frontier, mission, pastoral, land-rights, community-development and re-centralisation, which is current, have both enabled and constrained adaptation options. We found knowledge co-production generates adaptation pathways when: (1) effective methods for knowledge co-production are used, based on deeply respectful partnerships, cultural governance and working together through five co-production tasks—prepare, communicate, discuss, bring together and apply; (2) Indigenous people have ongoing connection to their traditional territories to maintain their Indigenous knowledge; (3) the relationship between the Indigenous people and the nation-state empowers local decision-making and learning, which requires and creates consent, trust, accountability, reciprocity, and resurgence of Indigenous culture, knowledge and practices. These conditions foster the emergence of articulation complexes that enable the necessary transformative change from the colonial legacies. Both these conditions and our approach are likely to be relevant for place-attached Indigenous peoples across the globe in generating climate adaptation pathways.     

多智能体系统分布式事件触发控制综述

随着人工智能以及通信技术的发展,减少通信资源及计算资源的浪费,延长宽带和硬件的使用寿命成为了一个关键的问题.事件触发控制,即当某一变量超过给定阈值时,系统才进行采样,控制器才进行更新,有效地节约了线上通信及计算资源.本文首先分析了连续时间和离散时间下的事件触发控制,讨论了自触发控制、基于边的事件触发控制、动态事件触发控制以及异步事件触发控制的主要思想.其次,分别从一致性、优化以及博弈方面阐述了事件触发的广泛应用.同时,给出了两种常见的稳定性分析方法和两种排除系统中可能存在的Zeno行为的论证方法.最后对本文进行了总结,指出了当前事件触发工作的不足之处并对未来的研究做出展望.     

一类具有输入量化和未知扰动的非线性系统的自适应有限时间动态面控制

本文研究了具有量化输入信号和未知扰动的非线性系统的有限时间自适应输出反馈动态面控制问题.在控制设计过程中,利用模糊逻辑系统对系统中的非线性项进行逼近.然后引入一种滞回量化器来避免量化信号中的抖振,并且构造模糊观测器来估计系统中不可测的状态.为了提出一种有限时间控制策略,首先给出了半全局实际有限时间稳定的判据.在此基础上,将动态面控制技术与反步法相结合,设计了自适应模糊控制器.该控制器不仅能保证跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到原点的一个小邻域,而且可以保证闭环系统中所有信号的有界性.最后通过一个仿真实例验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性.     

Social preferences regarding the delivery of ecosystem services in a semiarid Mediterranean region

The valuation of ecosystem services has primarily been conducted within the context of the economic value of these services to society. Ecosystem services research has since advanced to identify conflicts of interest between different sectors of society while prioritizing conservation actions. This approach can be important in semiarid ecosystems, where biodiversity conservation can be hindered by a lack of community awareness. In the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, conservation is perceived by society as a barrier to the economic development provided by agricultural or tourism activities. We use the contingent valuation method to identify community perception and economic values of different ecosystem services provided by semiarid ecosystems in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. This method identifies the perceptions of individuals benefiting from ecosystem services and examines their willingness to pay for the maintaining of these ecosystem services. Results showed that most respondents recognized the importance of services to human well-being and were willing to conserve these services. Preferences for maintaining water and air quality showed that respondents understood the relationship between the conservation of ecosystem services and local well-being. However, responses varied greatly across categories of beneficiaries; this finding highlights a potential conflict of interest that should be considered in any decision-making processes.     

金在洋脊超镁铁质与镁铁质热液系统中的差异性聚集

洋脊是地球上规模最大的山脉体系,主要由超镁铁质和镁铁质岩所组成,因构造和岩浆作用,这两类岩层分别孕育了超镁铁质和镁铁质含金热液系统。金首先通过水岩反应从洋脊源区岩层内迁移出来,再经历运移堆积作用汇聚到硫化物堆积体内,最后遭受后期蚀变活化迁移改造。以上过程构成了金在这两类热液系统中的完整演化历程。超镁铁质热液系统内的金在汇源端员间的比值远高于镁铁质热液系统。这种差异性聚集暗示了这两类热液系统分别演化出了独具特色的载金属性特征及富集迁移机制。相比于镁铁质热液系统,超镁铁质热液系统内围岩普遍具有的高金含量和高孔高渗特征、热液流体中溶解态非生物有机质和气态物质含量高、硫化物堆积体所处区域裂隙发育及构造稳定等因素,都是造成两者之间存在显著差异性聚集过程的主要原因。持续性地对洋脊热液系统各深部结构体进行更多更精细有关金的丰度、赋存状态及演化变迁的测试分析及模拟研究工作,是未来量化揭示金在不同类型热液系统内的物源贡献及各演化阶段中富集亏损的关键,也将为未来人工海底干预富集成矿工程累积信息。     

耦合魔方——一个分析人地系统耦合机理的多维框架

Understanding the interactions between humans and nature in the Anthropocene is central to the quest for both human wellbeing and global sustainability.However,the time-space compression,long range interactions,and reconstruction of socio-economic structures at the global scale all pose great challenges to the traditional analytical frameworks of human-nature systems.In this paper,we extend the connotation of coupled human and natural systems(CHANS)and their four dimensions—space,time,appearance,and organization,and propose a novel framework:“Coupled Human and Natural Cube”(CHNC)to explain the coupling mechanism between humans and the natural environment.Our proposition is inspired by theories based on the human-earth areal system,telecoupling framework,planetary urbanization,and perspectives from complexity science.We systematically introduce the concept,connotation,evolution rules,and analytical dimensions of the CHNC.Notably there exist various“coupling lines”in the CHNC,connecting different systems and elements at multiple scales and forming a large,nested,interconnected,organic system.The rotation of the CHNC represents spatiotemporal nonlinear fluctuations in CHANS in different regions.As a system continually exchanges energy with the environment,a critical phase transition occurs when fluctuations reach a certain threshold,leading to emergent behavior of the system.The CHNC has four dimensions—pericoupling and telecoupling,syncoupling and lagcoupling,apparent coupling and hidden coupling,and intra-organization coupling and inter-organizational coupling.We mainly focus on the theoretical connotation,research methods,and typical cases of telecoupling,lagcoupling,hidden coupling,and inter-organizational coupling,and put forward a human-nature coupling matrix to integrate multiple dimensions.In summary,the CHNC provides a more comprehensive and systematic research paradigm for understanding the evolution and coupling mechanism of the human-nature system,which expands the analytical dimension of CHANS.The CHNC also provides a theoretical support for formulating regional,sustainable development policies for human wellbeing.     

Cs2NaMF6(M＝Al,Ga):Cr3+ 络合分子体系局域结构和基态分裂的理论研究

采用双自旋轨道耦合系数模型并结合完全能量矩阵的方法对Cs₂NaMF₆(M=Al, Ga):Cr³⁺ 体系中Cr³⁺ 离子的基态分裂和局域结构进行了研究.通过模拟光谱和EPR谱确定了Cr³⁺ 取代 M³⁺ 形成的两种占位结构的畸变角,发现用双自旋轨道耦合系数模型与单自旋轨道耦合系数模型计算出的畸变角Δθ存在较大的差异.这表     

Intensive sampling of iodine and nutrient speciation in naturally eutrophicated anchialine pond (Rogoznica Lake) during spring and summer seasons

A study of inorganic iodine speciation in the water column of a naturally eutrophicated anchialine pond (Rogoznica Lake, East Adriatic Coast) was conducted in a period between April and July 2004 to obtain information how close the inorganic iodine system is to that of inorganic nutrients during spring, when phytoplankton activity is at maximum, and how the system changes up to summer, when highly reducible redox-conditions prevail in deep water.