Finite Element Method for Design of Reinforced Concrete Offshore Platforms

A design method of reinforced concrete (R. C.) offshore platforms with nonlinear finite element analysis is proposed. According to the method, a computer program is developed. In this program nonlinear constitutive relationships and strength criteria of concrete and steel bars are included, and the progressive cracking and crushing of the concrete are taken into account. Based on the stress distribution obtained by the nonlinear finite element analysis, the amount of reinforcement in the control sections can be computed and adjusted automatically by the program to satisfy the requirement of the design. The amount of reinforcement required in the control sections, which are obtained with the nonlinear finite element analysis, is agreeable to that obtained in the experiment. This shows that the design method of R. C. offshore platform with the nonlinear finite element method proposed by the authors is reliable for practical use.     

Technical foundation research on high resolution remote sensing system of China''s coastal zone

China‘s coastal zone is a region with a highly developed economy that contrasts clearly with the slow paced regular investigation on its natural environment, which cannot keep pace with the requirement of economic development and modem management.Laying a theoretical foundation for the modem management of China‘s costal zone is aimed at.This research focuses on the following processing and analyzing technologies for coastal zone high-resolution remote sensing data: organization and management of large amounts of high-resolution remote sensing data, quick and precise spatial positioning system,algorithms for image fusion in feature level and coastal zone feature extraction. They will form a technical foundation of the system. And, if combined with other research results such as coastal zone remote sensing classification system and its mapping subsystem, an advanced technical frame for remote sensing investigation of coastal zone resource will be constructed.     

Suppression of Wave-Excited Vibration of Offshore Platform by Use of Tuned Liquid Dampers

This paper describes experimenlal and theoretical investigations of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) characteristics tor suppressing the wave-excited structural vibration. The structural model lor the experiments is scaled according to a full size offshore platform by matching their dynamic properties. Rectangular TLDs of different sizes with partially filled liquid are examined. By observing the performance and behavior of TLDs through laboratory experiments, the study investigates the influence of a number of parameters, including container size, container shape, frequency ratio, and incident wave characteristics. In an analytical study, a mathematical model that describes the nonlinear behavior of liquid in TLD and the interaction of TLD and structure is prerequisite. The validity of the model is evaluated and simulating results can reasonably match the corresponding experimental results.     

基于风浪联合概率模型的海洋平台结构系统可靠度分析

基于多变量极值理论的联合概率模型,根据BZ28—1油田一年多的风浪同步观测资料统计得到风浪联合概率分布及其参数,讨论了海洋平台结构系统可靠度分析的等效荷载方法,在此基础上分析了JZ20—2MUQ平台结构的系统可靠度,并与不考虑风浪相关性影响的JZ20—2MUQ平台结构的系统可靠度比较,得到了风浪相关性对系统可靠度的影响情况。     

Multilevel Optimal Design of Prestressed Lightweight Concrete-Steel Platform Structures

The concrete-steel platform structure is rather complicated because it involves such materials as concrete, reinforcing bars, steel, and so on. K the traditional dimension optimization method is employed, the optimal design of the platform will meet many handicaps, even it cannot be implemented at all. The multilevel optimal design approach is an efficient tool for the solution of large-scale engineering structures. In this paper, this approach is applied to the optimal design of a concrete-steel platform, which is formulated as a system level optimal design problem and a set of uncoupled substructure level optimal design problems. The process of optimization is a process of iteration between system level and substructure level until the objective function converges. An illustrative example indicates that this method is effective in the optimal design of concrete-steel platforms.     

Ultimate Strength Analysis of Offshore Jacket Platform

- The ultimate strength analysis of offshore jacket platforms is a research project which has been developed in recent years. With the rapid development of marine oil industry, the departments of design and IMR (Inspection, Maintenance and Repair) in the offshore engineering have attached great importance to this project. The research procedure applies to both the stress check of new design platforms and the whole safety assessment of existing platforms. In this paper, we combine the pseudo non-linear technique with the linear analysis program and successfully analyze the ultimate strength of the space frame structure subject to the concentrated load and a real jacket platform subject to the dead load and environmental load.     

中国土地利用变化遥感研究的回顾与展望——基于陈述彭学术思想的引领

20世纪80年代以来中国社会经济快速发展带来的工业化、城市化正深刻影响着中国土地利用空间格局并影响到区域和国家生态与环境状况。在陈述彭先生指导下,1992年以来中国科学院建立起了完整的土地利用/覆盖变化遥感监测与数据分析技术路线,以及独特的分类体系和动态区划体系,奠定了中国LUCC信息平台的基础。本文在系统回顾陈述彭学术思想指导中国LUCC研究的基础上,面向国家需求与国际科技前沿梳理了我国LUCC研究的核心科学问题,并总结了中国科学院团队在最近20年LUCC研究取得的成果,包括土地利用/覆盖动态时空表征与分析模型、土地利用/覆盖变化过程及驱动机制、基于大数据和云计算的土地利用/覆盖变化探测方法、城市土地利用变化的区域气候/生态效应、气候变化与土地利用变化对农田生态系统的影响、林业活动的区域气候/生态效应,在此基础上对未来LUCC研究的前景进行了展望。     

桂西隆或金矿床流体包裹体与C-H-O-He-Ar同位素对成矿流体来源的制约

广西隆或金矿床位于右江盆地隆或孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部,为一产于C/D不整合面上的层状卡林型矿床。为了查明隆或金矿的成矿流体来源,探讨矿床成因,本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察,对不同成矿阶段石英、方解石进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温及C-H-O-He-Ar同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示,石英、方解石中主要发育富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体,含有少量CO₂三相包裹体。其中石英中包裹体均一温度集中在170.4~282.6℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.57%~8.41%,密度为0.774~0.938 g/cm³;方解石中包裹体的均一温度集中在178.5~237℃,盐度w （NaCl_eq）集中在2.9%~7.17%,密度为0.845~0.935 g/cm³,为中低温、低盐度、低密度的H₂O-NaCl体系。通过计算得出成矿流体的成矿压力为45.83~74.17 MPa,成矿深度为1.611~2.472 km。石英的δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为25.5‰~28.7‰,对应的δ¹⁸O_H2O为14.10‰~17.18‰,δDV-SMOW值为-79‰~-51‰,两个阶段石英H、O同位素投点虽位于变质水区域及附近,但Ⅱ阶段石英具有向岩浆水漂移的趋势。方解石的δ¹³C_PDB集中在-6.5‰~-4.6‰,δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW分布在19.9‰~21.1‰,其投点靠近海相碳酸盐岩区域,表明方解石的形成主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。石英包裹体中³He/⁴He的值为0.351~0.744 Ra,位于地幔氦和地壳氦之间,幔源He （%）值为5.11%~11.17%,说明地壳流体占主导地位;方解石中³He/⁴He值为0.038~0.073 Ra,位于地壳氦附近。石英、方解石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为303.1~436.4,经计算得成矿流体中大气⁴⁰Ar贡献介于67.71%~97.49%,表明了成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特征,并且有大量大气水的参与。综上分析,文章推测隆或金矿床中原始成矿流体来自深部岩浆流体,原始成矿流体在上升过程中与盆地建造水发生混合,形成了多流体混合的成矿流体,并且随着成矿的进行,大量的大气降水或地下水的渗入。结合构造环境、矿化蚀变等特征,文章认为隆或金矿床为中低温低压浅成热液卡林型金矿床。     

陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩中收缩裂隙形成机制研究进展及地质意义

陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩收缩裂隙广泛发育（湖）海陆过渡相中,其成因机制对古环境研究具有重要指示意义,也是震积岩和微生物成因沉积构造领域的研究热点。通过调研国内外收缩裂隙的相关研究,系统总结了收缩裂隙的形态特征、成因机制及其研究的地质意义。结果表明：收缩裂隙主要发育在（湖）海陆过渡相粉砂岩与黏土岩互层的陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩中,通常发育在粉砂岩层的底面,向下逐渐尖灭于下部黏土岩层,呈肠状、脉状或蠕虫状的粉砂质充填,其层面形态可分为纺锤形裂隙、不规则裂隙、多边形裂隙等多种类型,反映了不同的沉积环境。收缩裂隙的成因包括与盐度变化相关的合气作用、地震作用、风暴作用、微生物席破裂作用等。收缩裂隙对沉积环境、事件性沉积、高频（湖）海退—（湖）海侵界面具有重要指示意义。根据收缩裂隙的形态特征及其组合可以指示沉积相带,根据收缩裂隙的发育特征及其伴生现象可以指示地震、风暴、重力流等事件性沉积;微生物成因的收缩裂隙具有沉积物暴露的指示作用,能够指示不同级次的（湖）海退—（湖）海侵界面及古（湖）海平面变化。     

陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩中收缩裂隙形成机制研究进展及地质意义

陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩收缩裂隙广泛发育（湖）海陆过渡相中,其成因机制对古环境研究具有重要指示意义,也是震积岩和微生物成因沉积构造领域的研究热点。通过调研国内外收缩裂隙的相关研究,系统总结了收缩裂隙的形态特征、成因机制及其研究的地质意义。结果表明：收缩裂隙主要发育在（湖）海陆过渡相粉砂岩与黏土岩互层的陆源碎屑细粒沉积岩中,通常发育在粉砂岩层的底面,向下逐渐尖灭于下部黏土岩层,呈肠状、脉状或蠕虫状的粉砂质充填,其层面形态可分为纺锤形裂隙、不规则裂隙、多边形裂隙等多种类型,反映了不同的沉积环境。收缩裂隙的成因包括与盐度变化相关的合气作用、地震作用、风暴作用、微生物席破裂作用等。收缩裂隙对沉积环境、事件性沉积、高频（湖）海退—（湖）海侵界面具有重要指示意义。根据收缩裂隙的形态特征及其组合可以指示沉积相带,根据收缩裂隙的发育特征及其伴生现象可以指示地震、风暴、重力流等事件性沉积;微生物成因的收缩裂隙具有沉积物暴露的指示作用,能够指示不同级次的（湖）海退—（湖）海侵界面及古（湖）海平面变化。