超长DX桩在软土地区某高层建筑中的应用

DX桩是在钻、冲孔灌注桩基础上发展起来的一种变截面的新桩型。由于其桩身多个扩径体(承力盘或承力岔)能承受较大的荷载,充分发挥扩径体周边土体的承载力,从而大幅度提高单桩承载力。介绍了DX多节挤扩灌注桩及在浙江软土地区某高层建筑桩基工程中的应用效果。     

The Role of History-Dependent Rheology in Plate Boundary Lubrication for Generating One-Sided Subduction

We have developed a two-dimensional dynamical model of asymmetric subduction integrated into the mantle convection without imposed plate velocities. In this model we consider that weak oceanic crust behaves as a lubricator on the thrust fault at the plate boundary. We introduce a rheological layer that depends on the history of the past fracture to simulate the effect of the oceanic crust. The thickness of this layer is set to be as thin as the Earth's oceanic crust. To treat 1-kilometer scale structure at the plate boundary in the 1000-kilometer scale mantle convection calculation, we introduce a new numerical method to solve the hydrodynamic equations using a couple of uniform and nonuniform grids of control volumes. Using our developed models, we have systematically investigated effects of basic rheological parameters that determine the deformation strength of the lithosphere and the oceanic crust on the development of the subducted slab, with a focus on the plate motion controlling mechanism. In our model the plate subduction is produced when the friction coefficient (0.004–0.008) of the modeled oceanic crust and the maximum strength (400 MPa) of the lithosphere are in plausible range inferred from the observations on the plate driving forces and the plate deformation, and the rheology experiments. In this range of the plate strength, yielding induces the plate bending. In this case the speed of plate motion is controlled more by viscosity layering of the underlying mantle than by the plate strength. To examine the setting of the overriding plate, we also consider the two end-member cases in which the overriding plate is fixed or freely-movable. In the case of the freely-movable overriding plate, the trench motion considerably changes the dip angle of the deep slab. Especially in the case with a shallow-angle plate boundary, retrograde slab motion occurs to generate a shallow-angle deep slab.     

陕西马元地区铅锌矿地质特征及找矿远景

陕西马元地区铅锌矿位于扬子地台北缘碑坝隆起东南缘一带。矿化带长大于60km,宽10～200m,可分为南、东、北3个铅锌矿化带,已圈出了40多条铅锌矿体。其中南矿化带长大于20km,宽20～120m,已圈出了40多条铅锌矿体;东矿化带长大于30km,宽20～200m,地表已发现7条铅锌矿体;北矿化带长大于10km,宽10～100m。矿体一般长100～2560m,厚0.80～10.01m,锌品位1.05%～10.82%,铅品位0.55%～7.54%。主矿体长2560m,厚1.46～32.53m,平均厚约7.60m,最厚28.40m,锌品位1.45%～11.42%,平均4.47%。矿化带主体由震旦系灯影组白云岩组成,产于灯影组的砾状白云质角砾岩带中。矿化主要受地层和构造的控制。经预测,马元地区铅锌矿有较好的找矿远景,具有形成超大型铅锌矿的潜力。     

连续降雨作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析

在边坡稳定性研究中,吸力的影响经常被忽略。基于非饱和土的渗流理论,利用数值分析方法研究了一个由于连续降雨导致的非饱和土边坡失稳的工程实例。研究结果表明:非饱和土的吸力对于维持边坡稳定具有重要影响,而吸力与降雨频率、降雨量、降雨时间、蒸发量等密切相关。对于工程实践而言,吸力的监测对于维持土坡稳定具有重要意义。     

Peatland development at the arctic tree line (Québec, Canada) influenced by flooding and permafrost

In this study, we documented the Holocene history of a peat plateau at the arctic tree line in northern Québec using stratigraphic and macrofossil analyses to highlight the effects of geomorphic setting in peatland development. Paludification of the site began about 6800 cal yr BP. From 6390 to 4120 cal yr BP, the peatland experienced a series of flooding events. The location of the peatland in a depression bounded by two small lakes likely explains its sensitivity to runoff. The proximity of a large hill bordering the peatland to the south possibly favored the inflow of mineral-laden water. The onset of permafrost aggradation in several parts of the peatland occurred after 3670 cal yr BP. Uplifting of the peatland surface caused by permafrost stopped the flooding. According to radiocarbon dating of the uppermost peat layers, permafrost distribution progressed from the east to the west of the peatland, indicating differential timing for the initiation of permafrost throughout the peatland. Most of the peatland was affected by permafrost growth during the Little Ice Age. Picea mariana macroremains at 6450 cal yr BP indicate that the species was present during the early stages of peatland development, which occurred soon after the sea regression.     

Specific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time of Michoacan earthquake M8.1 Sept. 19, 1985 as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates

The recent development of the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere (LAI) coupling model and experimental data of remote sensing satellites on thermal anomalies before major strong earthquakes have demonstrated that radon emanations in the area of earthquake preparation can produce variations of the air temperature and relative humidity. Specific repeating pattern of humidity and air temperature variations was revealed as a result of analysis of the meteorological data for several tens of strong earthquakes all over the world. The main physical process responsible for the observed variations is the latent heat release due to water vapor condensation on ions produced as a result of air ionization by energetic α-particles emitted by ²²²Rn. The high effectiveness of this process was proved by the laboratory and field experiments; hence the specific variations of air humidity and temperature can be used as indicator of radon variations before earthquakes.We analyzed the historical meteorological data all over the Mexico around the time of one of the most destructive earthquakes (Michoacan earthquake M8.1) that affected the Mexico City on September 19, 1985. Several distinct zones of specific variations of the air temperature and relative humidity were revealed that may indicate the different character of radon variations in different parts of Mexico before the Michoacan earthquake. The most interesting result on the specific variations of atmosphere parameters was obtained at Baja California region close to the border of Cocos and Rivera tectonic plates. This result demonstrates the possibility of the increased radon variations not only in the vicinity of the earthquake source but also at the border of interacting tectonic plates. Recent results on Thermal InfraRed (TIR) anomalies registered by Meteosat 5 before the Gujarat earthquake M7.9 on 26 of January 2001 supports the idea on the possibility of thermal effects at the border of interacting tectonic plates.     

气象条件对大气波导的影响

在介绍大气折射基本类型及其对电磁波影响的基础上,概述了三种类型大气波导的形成机制,分析了不同天气系统、气象要素和天气现象对大气波导的影响,总结了易于出现大气波导现象的天气条件。研究气象条件对大气波导的影响,对于研究和预测电磁波在大气中的传播特性以及在军事上的应用都具有十分重要的意义。     

卫星光学相机MTF在轨检测方法研究

调制传递函数是反映卫星光学相机成像性能的重要参数,针对调制传递函数多种在轨检测方法,本文在分析了可利用地面景物的基础上,结合目前卫星光学相机分辨率不断提高的现状,着重从原理和方法上介绍了利用不同亮度地块接壤的地面靶标进行检验的刃边法,同时依据实验研究成果,介绍了对原始刃边数据拟合和调制传递函数的频谱增密技术,这些技术对提高调制传递函数获取精度具有重要的作用。     

一种基于正则化方法的SAR图像边缘检测算法

提出了一种基于正则化方法的SAR图像边缘检测算法,并用MSTAR(moving and stationary target acquisitions and recognition)数据进行大量的仿真实验。实验表明,与经典的边缘检测方法相比,该方法能保持图像的细节特征,较好地解决了边缘断裂和抗噪问题,具有较好的边缘检测能力。