预制钢筋混凝土方桩桩端后注浆工艺设计与施工

在分析了目前华东地区常用的钻孔灌注桩、预应力混凝土管桩及预制钢筋混凝土方桩等几种桩型优缺点的基础上,提出了将桩端后注浆工艺与预制钢筋混凝土方桩相结合的工艺,并通过工程案例验证该工艺既能提高单桩承载力,节约成本,又能够弥补钻孔灌注桩施工噪声大、效率低、环境污染严重等不足。介绍了这种组合工艺的设计与施工工艺。     

黄河水下三角洲海底管道沉降量确定方法研究

提出一种海底管道沉降计算方法——递推法,应用到胜利油田埕岛海域海底管道沉降计算中,并将计算结果与目前常用的日本规范法和极限法进行比较。研究发现在粉土与粉质粘土为主的强度较高的海床上,递推法与日本规范法计算结果比较接近,极限法的最小;在淤泥质土组成的强度较低的海床上,日本规范法的计算值最大,递推法的居中,极限法的最小。逆推法可计算裸置和埋设两种形式的管道沉降量,而另外两者只能计算裸置管道的沉降。文中进一步讨论了引起管道沉降的影响因素,土体强度和压缩性对管道沉降影响较大。且管道埋深越大,沉降也越大。最后分析了黄河水下三角洲埕岛海域4个区的管道沉降量,Ⅰ区争Ⅱ区管道沉降较小,可以忽略,Ⅳ区沉降较大,在淤泥质软土上的管道,可能会完全陷入土中。     

Data selection using support vector regression

Geophysical data sets are growing at an ever-increasing rate, requiring computationally efficient data selection(thinning)methods to preserve essential information. Satellites, such as Wind Sat, provide large data sets for assessing the accuracy and computational efficiency of data selection techniques. A new data thinning technique, based on support vector regression(SVR), is developed and tested. To manage large on-line satellite data streams, observations from Wind Sat are formed into subsets by Voronoi tessellation and then each is thinned by SVR(TSVR). Three experiments are performed. The first confirms the viability of TSVR for a relatively small sample, comparing it to several commonly used data thinning methods(random selection, averaging and Barnes filtering), producing a 10% thinning rate(90% data reduction), low mean absolute errors(MAE) and large correlations with the original data. A second experiment, using a larger dataset, shows TSVR retrievals with MAE < 1 m s-1and correlations 0.98. TSVR was an order of magnitude faster than the commonly used thinning methods. A third experiment applies a two-stage pipeline to TSVR, to accommodate online data. The pipeline subsets reconstruct the wind field with the same accuracy as the second experiment, is an order of magnitude faster than the nonpipeline TSVR. Therefore, pipeline TSVR is two orders of magnitude faster than commonly used thinning methods that ingest the entire data set. This study demonstrates that TSVR pipeline thinning is an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to commonly used data selection techniques.     

跨越断层埋地管线地震反应数值分析

跨越断层埋地管线在地震中的破坏是非常严重的,地震本身和管土相互作用体系中都存在很多不确定性因素,所以管线在断层运动过程中反应比较复杂。本文利用有限元理论和数值模拟手段,建立了管土作用模型,采用非线性接触问题研究方法详细地分析了管线由断层运动而产生的反应,对影响管线的各种因素进行了分析,包括位错量、跨越角度、断层运动形式、埋设深度、初始轴向力、断层裂缝宽度、填覆土质和管径。通过研究,得到一些初步结论。     

地下管网地震反应分析模型

建立了多点地震动激励作用下的地下管网地震反应拟静力分析模型。首先建立基于有限单元模型的地下管网系统刚度方程,接着给出考虑地震动空间相关性及场地条件等诸多因素的地震动场模拟思路及管网系统地震动施加策略,最后通过解析法验证了模型的正确性。采用本文方法对一＂十＂字形管网进行了地震反应分析,结果表明：①管线轴向应力沿着管线长度从管线端部向管线交叉点逐步增大,在管线交叉点处应力达到最大值;②与轴向应力相比,尽管管线的弯曲应力不是控制应力,但在管线端部及管线交叉点处弯曲应力值将会有较大突变。因此,对于地下管网而言,在受到地震作用时,不同布置方向的管线之间的相互影响是不容忽视的。     

中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)冻土工程地质考察与研究进展

在2005-2007年期间,先后3次对中国-俄罗斯原油管道漠河-大庆段沿线的冻土工程地质条件等进行科学考察,开展了冻土工程地质条件及其在气候变化和人类活动作用下的评价和预测研究.考察研究结果表明:管道沿线多年冻土在各类融区、季节冻土和水系等分隔作用下呈片状或岛状分布,沿线岛状、稀疏岛状及零星岛状占多年冻土区段的40%左右;管道沿线多年冻土随着气候的转暖和人类活动的影响不断退化.地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响,管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地,其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层,泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰,是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段;由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多,冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布.科学考察的成果为管道沿线冻土工程地质条件评价和预测、管道的稳定性影响分析以及后期的长期检测系统设置等研究奠定坚实的基础,进一步为即将开工的中俄原油管道漠河-大庆段工程的设计、施工提供科学依据.     

城市地下管线信息管理系统的引入及其建立途径

简要描述了建立城市地下管线信息管理系统的必要性,并用系统工程的思想和方法阐述了系统建立的原则、技术路线和实施方法,为实际系统的建设服务．     

Free spanning analysis of offshore pipelines

A rigorous procedure was established on the free span analysis of offshore pipelines. The closed form solutions of the beam–column equation, considering tension and compressive force, were derived for the various possible boundary conditions. The solutions can be used to find the natural frequencies of the free spans using the energy balance concept. The results can be applied to improve the current design codes. The improved procedure will yield more realistic calculations of the allowable free span lengths of offshore pipelines. Some calculations are included to present the sensitivity of the axial forces on the allowable free spanning lengths.     

具有裂纹损伤的海底管道断裂及疲劳评估

海底管道是海洋石油开发的重要设施之一,对其进行断裂安全评估是非常重要的。介绍了结构失效评估图（FAD）技术,详细阐述了BS7910：1999规范中三个不同等级的断裂评估方法和疲劳评估方法。通过断裂评估方法,能够对不向受力状态下的含焊接裂纹管道进行断裂评估,得到管道任何位置的极限裂纹长度;通过疲劳评估方法,能够对受复杂动荷载的含焊接裂纹管道进行疲劳评估,得到管道在此种受力环境下的疲劳寿命。     

Analysis of Safe Span Length and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines

Owing to the complex environmental conditions, suspension could induce complicated forces on submarine pipelines and even cause vortex-induced vibration, resulting in fatigue damage of pipelines. Through aiming at the 28-inch submarine pipeline in the East China Sea, the pipeline was segmented according to the similarity, considering the factors of pipe assembly, typhoon, current, wave and seabed topography. The effects of span length on natural frequency in each section of submarine pipeline were analyzed by finite element model. The maximum safe span length allowed by each pipeline section was verified by fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the fatigue life of each pipeline section were predicted. The results showed that each order natural frequency of the pipeline decreased with the increase of span length. The calculated results of empirical formulas were much smaller than those of the FEM analysis. The increase of the gap between the suspended pipeline and the seabed was beneficial to enhance the fatigue life of the suspended pipeline.