Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Submarine Pipeline near Seabed Boundary in Ocean Currents

1 .IntroductionThe submarine pipeline is a commonfacility widely usedfor offshore oil and gastransport . Whena pipeline is installed on a seabed and not buried,unsupportedspans may exist insomelocations ,es-peciallyinthe uneven zones of the seabed.The spa…     

Configuration analysis of deepwater S-lay pipeline

The safety of offshore pipeline has drawn a great deal of attention during deepwater installation due to the combined actions of high external pressure, axial tension, and bending moment. Meanwhile, the pipeline configuration has a remarkable effect on the structural behaviour of the tube. The special studies focus on the deepwater S-lay technique in the present paper. The stiffened catenary theory is applied to establish the static equilibrium governing differential equation of a pipe element, and the solution equations of the total pipeline configuration from a lay-barge over a stinger to the seabed are derived. The numerical iteration method for solving pipeline configuration is described in detail, and the corresponding program is developed to conduct the analysis of effects of various parameters such as laying water depth, pipe diameter, thickness of concrete weighted coating layer, stinger length, control strain, and axial tension on pipeline configuration. The results show that the laying water depth, the submerged weight of the pipe, and the axial tension are the critical factors influencing pipeline configuration. In addition, geometrical parameters of the stinger such as length, radius, and shape have an important effect on the pipe-laying capacity of the vessel. The validity of the program is further verified by means of a comparison with results obtained from the commercial finite element software OFFPIPE.     

城市地铁隧道施工对管线的影响研究

结合深圳地铁大剧院-科学馆区间隧道非降水施工对管线的影响问题,阐明了该工程的施工方案,给出了管线安全性的评价标准。在此基础上,首先利用土工离心模型试验,模拟了隧道开挖对管线的影响,然后,利用三维弹塑性有限元法模拟了隧道施工过程中管线的动态响应。通过离心模型试验、数值模拟分析、现场量测的地表沉降值的对比分析可知,三者的数据基本吻合,论证了分析结果的合理性和可靠性,并对施工期间管线的安全性做出了评价,为该工程顺利实施提供了理论依据和指导作用,并取得了一些有意义的成果。     

Modeling deepwater seabed steady-state thermal fields around buried pipeline including trenching and backfill effects

Deepwater pipelines are designed to transport mixtures of oil and gas, and their associated impurities at wellhead temperatures that can be in excess of 149 °C (∼300 °F or 422 K) while the external temperature maybe in the range of 5 °C (∼41 °F or 278 K). Depending on the circumstances these pipelines may be buried for physical protection or for additional thermal insulation using robotic trenching equipment. This results in a complex cut and backfill geometry in the seafloor in addition to altering the thermal properties of the backfill. A two-dimensional boundary element model was developed specifically to address to investigate the local steady-state thermal field in the near field of the pipeline. The model allows one to account for the complex geometries in the near field associated with this burial technique, site-specific multi-layered soil conditions and the seawater adjacent to the seafloor. A parametric study was preformed to evaluate effects of the thermal power loss, burial depth, pipe diameter and soil thermal conductivity on the thermal field in the near field of a buried pipeline. The numerical examples illustrate the influence of the backfill thermal property on the temperature at the pipe wall, that the pipe diameter controls the required output thermal power needed to maintain the desired pipe wall temperature, and the importance of pipeline burial depth on seabed temperature distribution above the pipeline.     

Spoiler自埋技术特点及其在杭州湾海底管道运行情况分析

海底管道阻流板(Spoiler)自沉埋技术是一种新型管道自埋技术,为深入了解其作用机制及其效果,本文通过分析安装有阻流板的杭州湾海底管道历年检测资料,结合管道附近海域海床、潮流动力特性,深入探讨了阻流板装置在实际工程中的运行效果,分析了其作用机制及其适用条件。研究发现安装阻流板装置的杭州湾海底管道在往复潮流作用下逐渐埋入海床,其埋入段长度由2005年的50%增加到2013年的80%以上,而且平均埋入深度超过2.6 m,自埋效果较好;而在管道路由与海流平行段或管道敷设于抗冲刷强海床上时,阻流板作用不能有效发挥,管道仍然呈现裸露状态。     

埕岛油田海底管道悬空特征及其影响因素

海底管道是海上油气生产的重要设施,而管道悬空是影响其安全运作的主要因素之一。根据海底管道复勘资料,利用ArcGIS对埕岛油田海底管道的在位状态以及分布情况进行分析,重点统计分析了管道悬空特征和悬空规律,并分析了海底管道悬空的原因以及影响因素。结果表明,悬空管道占总调查管道总长度的4.03%,主要分布在水深为5～15 m范围内的三角洲前缘斜坡上。近90%悬空管段的长度<60 m,其中以10～20 m最为常见。超过90%悬空管段的悬空高度<1 m,其中以0.2～0.4 m最为常见。研究区海底管道悬空的主要原因为海床冲刷,其影响因素主要包括沉积物特征、地形地貌以及海洋动力条件。     

轴向荷载作用下管与软土相互作用模型试验

开展室内模型试验研究了PE涂层足尺管道在软弱黏土中发生纵向位移时静置时间、加载速率以及土层不排水抗剪强度3个因素对轴向摩擦特性的影响。研究表明,管与软黏土纵向相互作用的抗力-位移曲线存在硬化型和软化型两种形式,前者的峰值摩擦阻力一般出现在加载过程的最后阶段,而后者的峰值摩擦阻力则出现在相对位移为（0.005～0.02）D（D为 管直径）范围内;试验测得的峰值摩擦系数取值介于0.12～0.23之间,且该值比美国API规范推荐值偏小;管土纵向峰值摩擦系数与加载速率成正相关关系,且加载速率对抗力-位移曲线类型无显著影响;常见的不排水抗剪强度范围内,土层的不排水抗剪强度值越低,纵向摩擦系数越大。上述结论可为海底埋设管线与软黏土纵向相互作用摩擦系数的确定提供参考依据。     

BZ19—4海底混输管网优化算法探讨

以海洋油气开发工程为实例,利用HYSYS和PIPEFLOW软件,分析了影响海底混输管网计算的若干因素,指出了HYSYS和PIPEFLOW的适用条件,最终确立了海底混输管网优化算法,提高计算效率。     

非开挖技术的应用及前景分析

介绍了非开挖技术及其在江苏煤炭地质局引进与应用的情况，分析了非开挖技术在我国发展的三个方向：管道口径越来越大，施工长度越来越长，施工条件越来越复杂。认为我国新增管道总量有较大的发展空间，管道的修复与置换数量也将日趋庞大，其非开挖技术也将随之转换，同时与之相适应的探测技术也将随之提高。     

Fuzzy MCDM-based GIS model for subsea oil pipeline route optimization: An integrated approach

Proper pipeline route selection is an integral component of a typical oil exploration and transportation project. Improperly selected routes could have severe consequences including pipe failures, oil spillage, and environmental disasters. Consequently, technologies like geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used to facilitate the oil pipeline route selection procedure—especially for onshore routing projects. Surprisingly, not much has been documented on the application of GIS to offshore pipeline routing. With recent discoveries on the merits of offshore oil exploration, it is necessary to extend the analytical capabilities of GIS to the unique offshore domain. However, concerns have been raised regarding the limitations of GIS in accurately prioritizing diverse selection criteria in typical multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems like route selection. Consequently, this paper addresses the offshore/subsea pipeline routing constraint using a hybrid decision support system (DSS), which integrates a GIS and fuzzy logic-based approximate reasoning (AR) models for optimal performance. The resultant spatial decision support system (SDSS) was successfully applied to a case study in Malaysia. The AR algorithm calculated the significance level of the multiple criteria using various fuzzy linguistic variables and membership functions. The aggregated priority ranking from different pipeline routing experts showed that the overall influence of the environmental criteria (61.4%) significantly exceeded that of other equally important criteria in the study area. These rankings were inputted into the SDSS to simulate various probable routes. Final results accurately highlighted an optimal route, which places a premium on the protection of environmental features in the subsea study area—in alignment with the preferences of majority of the experts.