新型EPS抗滑桩的研发及大型振动台对比试验研究

抗滑桩是一种在治理地质灾害中常用的工程手段,广泛应用于铁路、公路、水利等工程领域,而这种抗滑结构的抗震问题也越来越引起工程师的重视,如何提高支挡结构的抗震性能已成为工程界的一个重要研究方向。目前,在工程中通过加入EPS柔性材料来提高工程的抗震性能已引起工程界的重视并取得良好的效果。基于此,为了提高和满足抗滑桩在工程领域的抗震性能要求,特将EPS材料用于抗滑桩,研发了新型抗滑桩EPS桩。通过振动台试验对比研究了EPS桩与普通抗滑桩的动力响应和抗震性能。试验得出以下结论：（1）不同的地震波,其加速度放大效应不同;输入EL地震波的峰值加速度越大,加速度放大效应越明显。（2）相同峰值加速地震波作用下,普通抗滑桩加速度放大效应比EPS桩更显著。（3）桩头倾角及放大系数表明,EPS抗滑桩具有更好的抗震性能表现,且在双向振动时EPS材料在极震工况下对抗滑桩桩身动土压力改善明显。（4）在本次试验中发现,随着地震波峰值加速的增大,滑面裂缝向深层扩展,可能诱发深层滑动。     

某厂房地基处理失误的岩土工程分析

招商局漳州开发区某工厂2#厂房采用独立基础,以强夯压实填土为基础持力层,厂房建成后就产生严重不均匀沉降,无法正常使用。本文对产生严重不均匀沉降的原因进行了分析:先围堰后抛石填海导致围堰角点内侧淤泥富集且厚薄不一,高夯能强夯引起富集的淤泥产生扰动强度大幅降低,潮间带采用高压旋喷加固填石不但不成桩、还扰动填石并导致填石中的细颗粒松动随落潮流失等,是地基产生不均匀沉降的主要原因。     

软弱基座基坑与复合土钉

阐述了软弱基座基坑的一般特性,对软弱基座基坑容易出现的变形失稳问题进行了分析研究,从控制软弱基座基坑变形的关键所在着手,提出了复合土钉在软弱基座基坑支护中的应用问题,并列举了采用复合土钉进行软弱基座基坑支护的工程实例,说明只要控制好设计施工的关键环节,复合土钉是能够在软弱基座基坑的支护中取得成功的。     

成层软土地基预固结处理后桩基水平承载力估算方法

目前通过对软土地基预加固处理来提高桩基水平承载力已被工程界认可,但如何在工程前期设计过程中估算软土地基预处理后桩基水平承载力提高值仍是技术难点。基于此,参考Bowles[1]的地基土水平抗力计算式,同时考虑成层软土地基预排水固结处理影响,通过数学推导,推求出根据原状软土室内土工试验抗剪强度指标及预加固处理时间,估算软土地基预处理后桩基水平承载力提高值的实用计算方法。考虑桩侧土弹塑性屈服影响,推导出成层软土中水平受荷桩弹塑性解析解及塑性区深度的计算式,给出了桩顶水平位移、桩身最大弯矩的无量纲计算式及相关计算源代码。依托于浙江省某水闸桩基工程案例,根据提出的计算方法对桩基水平承载力、桩顶水平位移及桩身最大弯矩等性状进行预估计算,并与地基预处理前、后现场试桩检测值进行验证对比,认为桩基水平承载力、桩顶水平位移及桩身最大弯矩等预估计算成果与工程现场试桩的检测值较接近,对类似工程设计具有较好的参考价值。     

Assessment of the dynamic behaviour of saturated soil subjected to cyclic loading from offshore monopile wind turbine foundations

The fatigue life of offshore wind turbines strongly depends on the dynamic behaviour of the structures including the underlying soil. To diminish dynamic amplification and avoid resonance, the eigenfrequency related to the lowest eigenmode of the wind turbine should not coalesce with excitation frequencies related to strong wind, wave and ice loading. Typically, lateral response of monopile foundations is analysed using a beam on a nonlinear Winkler foundation model with soil–pile interaction recommended by the design regulations. However, as it will be shown in this paper, the guideline approaches consequently underestimate the eigenfrequency compared to full-scale measurements. This discrepancy leads the authors to investigate the influence of pore water pressure by utilising a numerical approach and consider the soil medium as a two-phase system consisting of a solid skeleton and a single pore fluid. In the paper, free vibration tests are analysed to evaluate the eigenfrequencies of offshore monopile wind turbine foundations. Since the stiffness of foundation and subsoil strongly affects the modal parameters, the stiffness of saturated soil due to pore water flow generated by cyclic motion of monopiles is investigated using the concept of a Kelvin model. It is found that the permeability of the subsoil has strong influence on the stiffness of the wind turbine that may to some extent explain deviations between experimental and computational eigenfrequencies.     

一种准刚性基础-桩-土共同作用非线性分析的近似方法

通过与刚性基础-桩群-土体系的比较,对级配碎石水密法填筑路堤-土工格栅(含基底缓冲层)-现浇薄壁筒桩复合地基体系提出了一种准刚性基础-桩-土共同作用的非线性分析近似方法。计算表明,该方法简便、实用,能较好地反映桩、土非线性特性对路堤受力变形的影响。     

锤击法在桩基质量检测中的应用及实测曲线分析

锤击法在桩基质量检测中是一种行之有效的手段。本文结合工程实例对桩的常见缺陷及其反射波特征作了浅析,对锤击法实测曲线判读和解释进行了归纳总结。     

Numerical analysis and centrifuge modeling of shallow foundations

The influence of non-coaxial constitutive model on predictions of dense sand behavior is investigated in this paper. The non-coaxial model with strain softening plasticity is applied into finite-element program ABAQUS, which is first used to predict the stress-strain behavior and the non-coaxial characteristic between the orientations of the principal stress and principal plastic strain rate in simple shear tests. The model is also used to predict load settlement responses and bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations. A series of centrifuge tests for shallow foundations on saturated dense sand are performed under drained conditions and the test results are compared with the corresponding numerical results. Various footing dimensions, depths of embedment, and footing shapes are considered in these tests. In view of the load settlement relationships, the stiffness of the load-displacement curves is significantly affected by the non-coaxial model compared with those predicted by the coaxial model, and a lower value of non-coaxial modulus gives a softer response. Considering the soil behavior at failure, the coaxial model predictions of bearing capacity factors are more advanced than those of centrifuge test results and the non-coaxial model results;besides, the non-coaxial model gives better predictions. The non-coaxial model predictions are closer to those of the centrifuge results when a proper non-coaxial plastic modulus is chosen.     

对西金大厦基坑降水工程的思考

西金大厦场地勘察工作于1994年8月完成,5年以后开始基坑降水工作。本文分析场地地下水现状,剖析降水设计方案,提出有针对性的降水新构想。     

喷锚支护结构在膨胀土地区基坑支护中的应用

膨胀土地区的基坑支护一般采用土钉墙型式,但出现了较多的垮塌事故。详细介绍了邯郸市某小区综合楼的膨胀土基坑喷锚支护工程的设计与施工方法。考虑膨胀土吸水膨胀失水收缩对边坡稳定性的影响,针对基坑支护结构验算的相关参数,依据膨胀土地区情况给予了相应的调整。基坑分层开挖进行喷锚支护后整体稳定性较好,达到了预期目的。本实例旨在为膨胀土地区基坑支护设计与施工提供一个借鉴和参考。