大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体集群的季节变化

于2007年4月至2008年3月对大亚湾大鹏澳海域表层沉积物中浮游植物休眠体进行了每月1次的周年调查.本调查分析鉴定出浮游植物休眠体79种,包括甲藻孢囊50种,硅藻休眠体26种.浮游植物休眠体丰度没有明显的季节变化规律,变化范围为217～6 764 cells/cm3,平均为1 376 cells/cm3;鱼类养殖区休眠体丰度较高,平均丰度为1 999 cells/cm3.浮游植物休眠体在数量上以硅藻为主,甲藻次之,而在鱼类养殖区也出现了较高的蓝藻休眠体.硅藻休眠体的平均丰度为783 cells/cm3,百分比含量为56.9%,从而反映了该海域硅藻型浮游植物群落结构.甲藻孢囊丰度的变化范围在79～1 237 cells/cm3,位于湾口对照区丰度较高,年平均为733 cells/cm3,而鱼类养殖区和贝类养殖区平均值分别为502、388 cells/cm3.异养型甲藻孢囊的种类和数量均比较丰富,其百分比含量为26.7%～82.4%.研究结果显示,在富营养化程度较高的养殖区海域,硅藻休眠体和异养型甲藻孢囊百分率均较高,而鱼类养殖区还出现了较高蓝藻孢子丰度.本次调查中还出现了易碎藻和艉杆藻等在本海域浮游植物调查中未记录种类的孢囊,有毒有害赤潮生物的休眠体如亚历山大藻、链状裸甲藻、旋沟藻、巴哈马梨甲藻孢囊等也在此次调查中频繁出现,说明大亚湾海域存在较大的有毒有害赤潮发生的风险.     

夏季东海PN断面浮游植物群集

2009年8月对东海PN 断面11个站位进行了综合调查, 对获得的53 个浮游植物样品采用Uterm？hl 方法进行分析, 初步鉴定出浮游植物4 门40 属77 种（不包括未定名种）, 其中硅藻28 属54 种,甲藻10 属21 种, 金藻1 属1 种, 蓝藻1 属1 种。调查断面浮游植物的细胞丰度介于0.044×10...     

烟台套子湾海域秋季浮游植物群落的初步研究

根据2010年11月的调查数据,对套子湾海域浮游植物的群落结构进行了初步研究。共鉴定浮游植物3门24属43种,主要为温带近岸性和广布性种。其中,硅藻门20属35种,占总种数的81.40%,以圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus) 和角毛藻属(Chaetoceros)的种类为主;甲藻类3属7种,占总种数的16.28%,由角藻属（Ceratium）、多甲藻属（Peridinium）及夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）组成;金藻门只有小等刺硅鞭藻（Dictyocha fibula）一种。浮游植     

2009年春季辽东湾浮游植物群落

分析了2009年春季(5月)渤海辽东湾水样的浮游植物物种组成,群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性.春季共鉴定出浮游植物4门43属83种,且多为广温性近岸种或温带沿岸种.硅藻在种类和数量上占绝对优势.优势种有旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.)、诺氏海链藻(T...     

Applying a fish expert system for ranking the biological effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus in the Maowei Sea,China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution, particularly in coastal environments, is a global concern. In this study, the biomonitoring and ranking effects of PAHs in the rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus were determined in the Maowei Sea, China. The results showed that the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs detected in the surface seawater were moderate compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide, and the possible sources were rapid industrialization and urbanization combined with atmospheric deposition and runoff. Nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggested significant differences in the hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities and phenanthrene-derived metabolites in bile between the port area and the oyster farming area. The fish expert system (FES) was applied to evaluate the biological effects of PAHs on fish. The FES data demonstrated that the biological effect levels of Site S1 (level III, medium stress) were higher than those of the other sampling sites (level II, low stress).     

南极长城湾夏季浮游植物变化特征

用南极长城湾水域１９９２～１９９５年三个夏季（１２月～３月）网采浮游植物样品,分析了浮游植物种类组成和数量分布。共鉴定浮游植物７２种,其中三个夏季都采到的共有种３３种,占总种数的４５．８３％;各年夏季浮游植物细胞数量平均值分别为６８７３．８２×１０４个／ｍ３、２０８．４８×１０４个／ｍ３和１０２７．３６×１０４个／ｍ３。主要优势种有聚生角毛藻（Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓｓｏｃｉａｌｉｓ）、海链藻属（Ｔｈａｌａｓｉｏｓｉｒａｓｐｐ．）、脆杆藻属（Ｆｒａｇｉｌａｒｉａｓｐｐ）、珍珠异极藻（Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｎｅｍａｍａｒｇａｒｉｔｘ）和扁面角毛藻（Ｃｈａｅｔｏ－ｃｅｒｏｓｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｕｓ）等。结果表明,各夏季种类组成基本相似;数量有明显的年际变化;湾内和湾口数量变化趋势一致     

Geochemical study on oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases (I)—Experimental simulation and products analysis

The observation of oil inclusions trapped prior to 2.0 Ga in Palaeoproterozoic rocks and the ability to obtain detailed molecular geochemical information from them provide a robust way for understanding the early biogeochemical evolution of the Earth. Oil-bearing fluid inclusions (FI) in ca. 2.45 Ga fluvial metaconglomerate of the Matinenda Formation at Elliot Lake, Canada were trapped in quartz and feld-spar during diagenesis and early metamorphism of the host rock, probably before ca. 2.2 Ga. The 2.1 Ga FA Formation sandstone of the Franceville Basin in Gabon that hosts the Oklo natural fission reactors has also been discovered to contain abundant Palaeoproterozoic oil-bearing FIs. This oil occurs within H₂O and CO₂-dominated inclusions trapped in syntaxial quartz overgrowths and intragranular and transgranular microfractures in detrital quartz, and was most likely trapped 2.1–1.98 Ga. Molecular geochemical analyses of both FI oils reveal a wide range of compounds, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, monomethylalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace amounts of complex multi-ring biomarkers including terpanes, hopanes, methylhopanes, steranes and diasteranes. To ensure a reliable interpretation of oil inclusions, a comprehensive series of outside-rinse blanks and procedural system blanks was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; quantitative amounts of the hydrocarbons in these blanks were compared to the FI extracts, so as to provide confidence limits on the experimental integrity of each compound class. Maturity ratios based on reliably detected compound classes show that the FI oils were generated in the oil window, with no evidence of extensive thermal cracking. The presence of biomarkers for cyanobacteria and eukaryotes derived from and trapped in rocks deposited prior to 2.0 Ga is consistent with early evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and suggests that some aquatic settings had become sufficiently oxygenated for sterol biosynthesis by this time. The extraction of biomarker molecules from Palaeoproterozoic oil-bearing FIs thus establishes a new method, using low detection limits and system blank levels, to trace evolution through Earth’s early history that avoids the potential contamination problems affecting shale-hosted hydrocarbons. Supported by the ARC Discovery Grant, which includes a QEII Fellowship to A.D., the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Grant to D.M., and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute (R.B.)     

Geochemical characteristics of Ordovician crude oils in the northwest of the Tahe oil field,Tarim basin

Forty-six crude oil samples were selected from the Ordovician in the northwestern part of the Tahe oilfield for detailed molecular geochemical and isotopic analysis, including group compositions, carbonhydrogen isotopes and gas chroma-tograms of saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the characteristics of terpane, sterane and other biomarkers, indicating that crude oils are of the same origin from different districts in the Tahe oilfield and were derived from the same source kitchen (or oil source formation), i.e., mainly stemming from marine hydrocarbons. Detailed studies of oil physical properties of 25-honpane revealed that such oils have heavy or thick oil qualities due to biodegradation. Comprehensive assessment in terms of five maturity parameters shows that the oils from the Ordovician with Ro values varying from 0.80% to 1.59% are widely distributed in the northwest of the Tahe oilfield.     

基于CMIP6模式分析北极典型海区浮游植物藻华模拟误差

在海冰覆盖的极地海区,浮游植物季节性藻华变化呈现典型的单峰特征。由于藻华过程受控于海冰、光照、混合层深度和营养盐供给等多个因素,其发生时间和强度在地球系统模式模拟结果中存在较大的不确定性。本研究选取11种CMIP6地球系统模式结果,以多种类型的观测资料和产品作为判断参考值,评估各模式结果能否准确模拟北极典型海区（巴伦支海、楚科奇海及白令海）浮游植物藻华动态的变化规律。通过计算能表征光照和营养盐限制的多个指标,分析表层叶绿素a浓度模拟结果的误差来源。结果表明,依据冰下光照时长、混合层变化速率、表层硝酸盐指标将11种模式分为3组,与参考值指标差异较小组别中的模式在藻华模拟方面明显占优,而其余模式在表层硝酸盐或混合层变化的模拟上存在较大误差,导致表层叶绿素a浓度峰值的发生时间延后且峰值浓度误差大。总体而言,地球系统模式配置中除要考虑光照和营养盐这两种基础限制条件外,也需关注由温盐控制的上混合层深度,从而准确模拟出表层叶绿素a浓度的季节性变化规律,上述研究为地球系统模式中相关参数化方案的改进提供了参考。