九龙江口浮游植物群体对盐度胁迫的快速适应

Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/F_m′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/F_m′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/F_m′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/F_m′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(~(14)C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments.     

基于生态-经济重要性的滨湖城市土地开发适宜性分区研究——以无锡市为例

契爷石水库是广东省东莞市的一座中型供水水库,为富营养化水体.为改善该水库水质,2002年10月开始从东江调水,以满足供水的水量和水质要求.在调水后的两年期间,对水文、水质和浮游植物种类和数量进行了调查.本文将调查结果与以往(2000年)调查数据进行了对比,分析了调水后该水库水质和浮游植物的特点和调水对水质的影响.调水直接导致TP浓度显著下降,丰水期的TN浓度有一定下降,但调水并没显著降低枯水期TN的浓度.调水后,丰水期水体的叶绿素a浓度有明显的增加,枯水期叶绿素a浓度大大低于调水前.与调水前相比,调水后浮游植物种类数有明显增加,特别是绿藻种类,蓝藻中的假鱼腥藻和针状蓝纤维藻仍为浮游植物优势种,但硅藻中的短小曲壳藻和针杆藻等成为新的优势种,裸藻的数量大为减少.     

二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾二段低熟油地球化学特征和油源对比

赛汉塔拉凹陷位于二连盆地腾格尔坳陷西部,是二连盆地低熟油分布区.采用有机地球化学和生物标志物分析方法,对赛汉塔拉凹陷下白垩统腾二段低熟原油和油砂样品进行了地球化学特征和油源对比研究.赛汉塔拉凹陷腾二段低熟油具有饱和烃含量相对较低、非烃和沥青质含量相对较高的族组成特征,正构烷烃分布以前峰型为主,主峰碳为C21或C23,P...     

泉州湾水域浮游植物群落的昼夜变化

对福建省泉州湾口、大坠岛以北水域的浮游植物群落作了准同步昼夜连续观测,观测时间分别在2001年11月至2002年8月内的秋(11月)、冬(2月)、春(5月)、夏(8月)季大潮期.结果表明,该水域的叶绿素a生物量(以下简称生物量)受湾内高生物量的影响在潮汐作用下出现波动,高潮期出现低生物量,低潮期出现高生物量.靠近内湾的站位生物量大于湾外的站位;底层水体中的生物量普遍大于表层,底栖硅藻成为生物量变化的重要部分.调查海区生物量呈现昼夜节律变化,生物量白天高于夜间.进一步的分析表明,在潮汐和昼夜变化综合作用下,浮游植物的群落结构发生相应变化,白天的多样性指数低于夜间,浮游植物昼夜群落的不相似度很高.群落中一些种类如中肋骨条藻白天大量增殖,出现较高的优势度,昼夜平均密度比值达到9,变化节律明显.研究认为,尽管海区潮汐和流向左右着生物量变化,浮游植物的生态学过程如细胞增殖、再悬浮、扩散等过程在昼夜生物量变化中仍产生较大作用.     

由粒子吸收光谱提取浮游植物吸收光谱的人工神经网络方法

基于现场实验数据集及人工神经网络技术,论文提出了一种从海中粒子吸收光谱提取浮游植物吸收光谱的方法。这个数据集包含了海中粒子吸收光谱和对应的浮游植物吸收光谱,并被分为三个子集:训练集、印证集和试验集。本研究所利用的人工神经网络系统为多层感知器,训练后的人工神经网络的性能由印证集和试验集来评价。实验结果表明,文中所提出的方法可成功地提取浮游植物的吸收光谱,其提取精度与传统的实验方法相当。     

日照港和邻近锚地及其入境船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集结构的特征

根据2003年10月到2004年3月间日照港和邻近锚地水域及其船舶压舱水中的浮游植物调查资料,对浮游植物的群集结构和压舱水对其影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,日照港的浮游植物群集主要由温带沿岸性物种组成,以硅藻为主,还有少量的甲藻。对比船舶压舱水中浮游植物群集发现:压舱水中浮游植物群集和本地群集结构有很大的差异,有害物种在压舱水中所占的比例较高。     

营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物的机制

通过研究分析Si和水温对浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变影响,探讨了硅和水温影响浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变,本文研究发现,浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变的过程,营养盐硅和水温影响浮游植物生长变化和其集群结构改变的机制,确定了营养盐硅和水温是海洋生态系统的健康运行的动力。     

南海北部浮游植物生物量的研究特点及影响因素

介绍了浮游植物生物量变化的研究方法。综述了南海北部浮游植物生物量在营养盐、光照、季风等理化因子影响下出现的变化特点。该海域生态环境复杂,由富营养的珠江口、沿岸带、北部湾和广阔的陆架及贫营养的开阔海区等不同生态区组成,因此浮游植物群落和生物量有其自身复杂的空间和时间变化特点。     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。     

2017年春夏季西北太平洋浮游植物的区域差异及其与不同水团的关系

The West Pacific Ocean is considered as the provenance center of global marine life and has the highest species diversity of numerous marine taxa. The phytoplankton, as the primary producer at the base of the food chain,effects on climate change, fish resources as well as the entire ecosystem. However, there are few large-scale surveys covering several currents with different hydrographic characteristics. This study aimed to explore the relationships between the spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community structure and different water masses. A total of 630 water samples and 90 net samples of phytoplankton were collected at 45 stations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(21.0°–42.0°N, 118.0°–156.0°E) during spring and summer 2017. A total of 281 phytoplankton taxa(5 μm) belonging to 61 genera were identified in the study area. The distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community differed significantly both spatially and temporally. The average abundances of phytoplankton in spring and summer were 797.07×10~2 cells/L and 84.94×10~2 cells/L, respectively. Whether in spring or summer, the maximum abundance always appeared in the northern transition region affected by the Oyashio Current, where nutrients were abundant and diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community;whereas the phytoplankton abundance was very low in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region, and the proportion of dinoflagellates in total abundance increased significantly. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton abundance increased from low to high latitudes, which was consistent with the trend of nutrient distributions, but contrary to that of water temperature and salinity. In the northern area affected by the Oyashio Current, the phytoplankton abundance was mainly concentrated in the upper 30 m of water column, while the maximum abundance often occurred at depths of 50–75 m in the south-central area affected by the Kuroshio Current.Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that phytoplankton abundance was significant negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, but positively correlated with nutrient concentration. The phytoplankton community structure was mainly determined by nutrient availability, especially the N:P ratio.