柴达木盆地东部第四系低丰度高效气源岩地球化学特征及成藏机理

对柴达木盆地东部地区第四系鸭湖和盐湖剖面进行了露头取样,并利用Rock-Eval生油岩评价、色谱质谱等实验分析测试技术对样品进行了地球化学特征分析。实验结果表明,样品有机碳含量变化不大,w(TOC)为0.15%～0.75%,w(S1 S2)为(0.24～2.5)×10-3。第四系气源岩中的有机质类型多以Ⅲ型有机质为主,少数为Ⅱ型,极少数为Ⅰ型。有机质主要来源于陆源生物为主的腐殖型和含腐泥腐殖型,是典型的低丰度有机质气源岩。C29甾烷异构化参数C29αββ/(αββ ααα)、C29ααα20S/(20S 20R)分布分别为0.34～0.38、0.27～0.33,C31升藿烷22S/(22S 22R)分布为0.49～0.56,显示第四系样品多处于未熟状态。巨厚的气源岩沉积厚度、第四纪寒冷的气候和高盐度的水体环境及有效的生储盖组合是形成第四系大型生物气藏的有利条件。     

准噶尔盆地东南缘二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩有机地球化学特征

准噶尔盆地东南缘烃源岩演化与油气成因复杂,采用岩石热解、色谱-质谱、碳同位素等有机地球化学分析技术,对该区二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学及其成烃演化特征进行了详细调查。结果表明,不同成熟度的二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩有机质丰度和有机类型差异显著,烃源岩有机碳、生油潜量(S₁+S₂)分布范围分别为0.43%~12.89%(均值2.84%)、0.52~77.24 mg/g,烃源岩质量可从低熟时的“极好”级别降低至高成熟时的“中等-差”级别(R_c≈0.54%~1.93%);有机质类型可从低熟时的Ⅰ-Ⅱ₁型变化为高成熟时的Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ,指示对高-过成熟烃源岩的有机质类型与生烃潜能评价需要进行评价参数的适当恢复。二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩生物标志物特征显著:姥鲛烷相对于植烷有微弱优势,Pr/Ph值分布范围为0.92~1.81(均值1.22),指示弱还原的湖相沉积环境;C₂₇-、C₂₈-、C₂₉-规则甾烷呈斜直线型分布;C₂₈-规则甾烷丰度偏高(C₂₈/C₂₉-规则甾烷均值为0.96)、升藿烷系列丰度偏低、伽马蜡烷发育,反映二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩咸化和/或水体分层的原始沉积环境。油-油、油-源对比表明,芦草沟组原油主要来自芦草沟组烃源岩。烃源岩地质地球化学分析表明,深浅层不同成熟度芦草沟组烃源岩均有发育,该区具有较好的生烃物质基础,具有寻找不同埋深油气藏的重要勘探前景。     

Organic-Inorganic Interaction Recorded by Polycyclic Aromatic Steranes in Continental Epithermal Ore Deposits

Continental epithermal ore deposits are commonly associated with sedimentary organic matter, oils or solid bitumen. These organics embedded in mineral deposits can convey valuable information of the ore genesis. However, the extent to which the formation of ore minerals was recorded by organic compounds remains largely unknown, as also is how metal-rich ores interfere with the molecular proxies in the temperature regime envisaged for hydrothermal activity. The molecular compositional changes of ...     

2009-2013年普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅的变化及其与气候事件的关系*

提要：利用中国南极科学考察期间获得的颗粒物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾海域水体中生物硅的含量分布及年际变化情况进行了分析。研究结果显示：在2013年夏季普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量在0.38-8.62μmol/ dm₃之间变化,平均为1.55±1.86μmol/ dm₃。生物硅在表层水体中的空间分布趋势是在67°S以南湾内区域表层水体中的含量明显高于67°S以北的湾外区域,最大值出现在普里兹湾陆架区,生物因子是表层水体生物硅含量分布的主控因子。根据不同年份即25、26、27、28、29次南极科学考察期间获取的数据研究显示,普里兹湾表层水体中生物硅含量存在明显的年际差异。结合历史数据分析表明,气候事件对普里兹湾海冰变化有明显的影响,因而对相应年份该海域浮游植物数量种群结构也会产生一定的而影响,从而导致了表层水体中生物硅含量的年际差异。     

2010—2012年青岛海滨浴场67周次浮游植物的群集特征

2010—2012年对青岛汇泉湾海滨浴场区2站点的浮游植物及环境因子进行67周次连续监测,共检出浮游植物53属94种,细胞总丰度的变化范围为7.19~272.35个/mL,均值为46.74个/mL,硅藻在细胞总丰度中的比例平均达70.34%,主要优势种有骨条藻、角毛藻、菱形藻、新月筒柱藻和舟形藻。调查期内,共检到3次硅藻的赤潮,未检到营养盐发生限制的现象。周年的统计分析显示,调查区浮游植物群落中的羽纹硅藻类与营养盐呈显著的相关关系(P0.05)。在浴场开放期,Chl-a质量浓度均值达7.26mg/L,为全年最高,浮游植物群落以羽纹硅藻类最占优势,并且Chl-a与羽纹硅藻丰度呈现极显著的正相关(P0.01)。特别对羽纹硅藻在开放期占优势可能引发的不利影响作了探讨,并建议在今后监测和评价该类休闲水域时,应对此给予重视。     

Environmental influence on phytoplankton production during summer on the KwaZulu-Natal shelf of the Agulhas ecosystem

During February 2010, studies of primary production (PP) and physiology were conducted at five selected sites in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Bight of the Agulhas ecosystem as part of a programme to elucidate the influence of major physical driving forces and nutrient inputs on the structure and functioning of biological communities. These sites were located in the vicinity of the Durban lee eddy, in the midshelf region of the central part of the bight, off the Thukela Mouth, and to the north and south of Richards Bay. At four of the sites, chlorophyll a ranged from 0.10 to 1.44?mg m–3 and integrated PP ranged between 0.35 and 2.58?g C m–² d–1. The highest biomass and PP, which were comparable to those observed in a wind-driven upwelling system, were associated with a diatom community observed at the midshelf site, and varied between 0.26 and 4.27?mg m–³ and 7.22 and 9.89?g C m–² d–1, respectively. Environmental conditions at each of the sites differed substantially and appeared to be influential in initiating and controlling the development and distribution of phytoplankton biomass and production. Phytoplankton adaptation to variable environmental conditions was characterised by a decreased light-limited slope (αB) and increased rate of photosynthesis (P_m ) and light saturation (Ek) with elevated temperatures. The converse (increased α^B and decreased P_m and Ek) was observed as irradiance levels declined. Generalised additive models indicated that irradiance, temperature and biomass were important variables influencing photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic rates.     

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征及其意义

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征研究表明:正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽,有两种峰型,具弱奇偶优势;萜烷化合物相对丰度五环三萜烷三环萜烷四环萜烷;甾烷以规则甾烷为主,规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈不对称"V"字型分布;有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分;有机质沉积于弱氧化-弱还原低盐度环境,其成熟度较高;样品均遭受了一定程度的热解,这可能与成矿热液的热力作用有关,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用,砂岩型矿石共生有机质的成熟度略高于角砾状矿石赋存的有机质;生物标志化合物多参数对比表明有机质来源于三叠系三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。     

The absorption of water color components and spectral modes in the Pearl River estuary

In-situ data from cruises in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent marine areas were collected during March to May 2001. The absorption coefficients of the water color components were studied in detail containing total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and de-pigment particles. For absorption coefficient of TSM, ap, and that of de-pigment particles, ad, correlations of ap(440)-TSM, ad(440)-TSM, ap(440)-chl-a and ad-chl-a were done (the italicized term means the concentration). There was a good correlation between ap(440) and chl-a concentration. An empirical relationship model between aph(675) and chl-a was developed showing a strong correlation of 0.93. Based on the two models the chl-a and aph(λ) were correlated. The values of calculated empirical spectral slope for CDOM absorption coefficients and that of de-pigment particles, 0.017 0 and 0.011 6 respectively, both are within a relative standard error of 10.0%.