峨眉地幔柱对中上扬子区二叠纪成藏条件影响的探讨

峨眉地幔柱与峨眉地裂运动有何关系？它对中上扬子区二叠纪天然气藏有何影响？研究地幔柱和地裂运动对塔里木盆地油气勘探和开拓新的油气资源有何意义？这些均是复杂而有挑战性的问题。在多年研究峨眉地裂运动基础上,利用前人对峨眉地幔柱的研究成果,探讨扬子板块西北缘拗拉槽群形成与峨眉地幔柱关系,以及峨眉地幔柱产生的热力作用对烃源岩转化和优质储层的影响。对比塔里木盆地和四川盆地构造演化史,建议塔里木盆地油气勘探加强地幔柱和地裂运动对油气成藏条件影响的研究,同时开展地幔柱对2个盆地无机成因油气资源的探索,争取发现新的油气资源。     

海岸沙丘发育机制之研究现状评述

主要综述了20世纪80年代以来国内外对海岸沙丘发育机制的研究成果。初步认为,海岸沙丘发育于各纬度,以沙源丰富、风况适宜和沙汇充足的海岸带最完好,分布在风暴浪作用的最高位置或最大天文潮线之上,是海滨-沙丘动力系统与陆地地表能量与物质交换的承载体。在发育过程中,沙源、波浪能量、风速、风区长度起决定性作用,海滩坡度、沉积物粒径、颗粒间的黏结力、空气密度、植被盖度等因素的影响也不容忽视。在各种动力-地貌系统和自然环境的影响下,沙丘的形态和规模呈现出不同程度的发育状态。根据研究现状,展望了我国海岸沙丘的研究方向与基本内容。     

Ore Genesis of the Lunwei Granite‐Related Scheelite Deposit in the Wuyi Metallogenic Belt,Southeast China: Constraints from Geochronology,Fluid Inclusions,and H–O–S Isotopes

A granite‐related scheelite deposit has been recently discovered in the Wuyi metallogenic belt of southeast China. The veinlet–disseminated scheelite occurs mainly in the inner and outer contact zones of the porphyritic biotite granite, spatially associated with potassic feldspathization and silicification. Re–Os dating of molybdenite intergrowths with scheelite yield a well‐constrained isochron age of 170.4 ± 1.2 Ma, coeval with the LA–MC–ICP–MS concordant zircon age of porphyritic biotite granite (167.6 ± 2.2 Ma), indicating that the Lunwei W deposit was formed in the Middle Jurassic (~170 Ma). We identify three stages of ore formation (from early to late): (I) the quartz–K‐feldspar–scheelite stage; (II) the quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage; and (III) the quartz–carbonate stage. Based on petrographic observations and microthermometric criteria, the fluid inclusions in the scheelite and quartz are determined to be mainly aqueous two‐phase (liquid‐rich and gas‐rich) fluid inclusions, with minor gas‐pure and CO₂‐bearing fluid inclusions. Ore‐forming fluids in the Lunwei W deposit show a successive decrease in temperature and salinity from Stage I to Stage III. The homogenization temperature decreases from an average of 299 °C in Stage I, through 251 °C in Stage II, to 212 °C in Stage III, with a corresponding change in salinity from an average of 5.8 wt.%, through 5.2 wt.%, to 3.4 wt.%. The ore‐forming fluids have intermediate to low temperatures and low salinities, belonging to the H₂O–NaCl ± CO₂ system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O values vary from 1.8‰ to 3.3‰, and the δD_V‐SMOW values vary from –66‰ to –76‰, suggesting that the ore‐forming fluid was primarily of magmatic water mixed with various amounts of meteoric water. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides (δ³⁴S ranging from –1.1‰ to +2.4‰) and Re contents in molybdenite (1.45–19.25 µg/g, mean of 8.97 µg/g) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated mainly in the crust. The primary mechanism for mineral deposition in the Lunwei W deposit was a decrease in temperature and the mixing of magmatic and meteoric water. The Lunwei deposit can be classified as a porphyry‐type scheelite deposit and is a product of widespread tungsten mineralization in South China. We summarize the geological characteristics of typical W deposits (the Xingluokeng, Shangfang, and Lunwei deposits) in the Wuyi metallogenic belt and suggest that porphyry and skarn scheelite deposits should be considered the principal exploration targets in this area.     

Isotopic Characteristics of Mesozoic Au-Ag Polymetallic Ore Deposits in Northern Hebei and Their Ore-Forming Materials Source

It has long been a controversy about the source of ore-forming materials of Au-Ag polymetallic deposits both in metallogenic theory and in ore-searching practice. In terms of a large wealth of the isotopic statistics data from Indosinian-Yanshanian endogenic ore deposits in northern Hebei (generally referring to the areas along the northern part of Taihang Mountains and northern Hebei, the same below) , it is considered that the ore-forming materials came from the deep interior of the Earth, which had migrated through plumes to the Earth surface while ex-perienced multi-stage evolution and then emplaced progressively in favorable structural loci to form ores. Their isotope data show that 559 sulfur isotopic data from 40 ore deposits are, for the most part, within the range of -5‰ -5‰, with a high degree of homogenization, indicating that the sulfur is derived mainly from magma; 200 lead isotope data from 37 ore deposits indi-cate that the ore-forming materials are principally of mantle source though some crust-source ma-terial was involved; 96 oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotope data from 34 ore deposits illustrate that the ore-forming fluids are dominated by magmatic water while other sources of water would be involved. It may therefore be seen that the formation of endogenic deposits has nothing to do with the strata .     

沉积变质型铁矿成矿条件及富铁矿形成机制

我国铁矿床类型有沉积变质型、岩浆型、接触交代 热液型(矽卡岩型)、火山岩型、沉积型和风化淋滤型6种,以沉积变质型最为重要。我国的沉积变质型铁矿床主要分布于华北克拉通,以鞍山式铁矿为代表,沉积时代为新太古代末,为阿尔果马型条带状铁建造 (BIF)变质而成;吕梁地区的袁家村式铁矿为苏比利尔型BIF变质而成,BIF沉积时代为2. 384~2. 210 Ga或新太古代末;舞阳、霍邱地区的沉积变质型铁矿可能为苏比利尔型BIF变质产物,BIF沉积时代分别为2. 473~2. 468 Ga、＜2. 54 Ga。BIF的形成与缺氧环境向大氧化事件初期的层化海洋环境过渡有关,海水中巨量溶解的铁质部分氧化,在初始层化海洋氧化还原界面附近的浅海环境以胶体形式沉淀。我国的BIF遭受区域变质变形作用,成为条带状磁铁石英岩,作为沉积变质型铁矿开发利用。BIF经历后期流体改造可形成富铁矿,形成机制有“去硅富铁”、“铁质活化再富集”和“去碳酸盐富铁”3种,弓长岭富铁矿的成矿年龄为1. 85 Ga左右,由BIF“去硅富铁”而成;齐大山富铁矿可能形成于2. 5 Ga,由BIF“铁质活化再富集”而成;袁家村富铁矿形成于1. 41~1. 34 Ga,可能由含碳酸盐的BIF“去碳酸盐富铁”而成。     

歧口凹陷埕北断阶区断砂组合样式及其对油气富集的控制作用

在陆相断陷盆地中,断裂与砂体是构成油气运移输导网络的主要要素。为了探究断砂组合输导条件控制下的油气运聚规律,本文对歧口凹陷埕北断阶区的断砂组合样式进行了划分,并通过断裂、砂体输导性的定量评价分析了不同样式断砂组合对油气运移成藏的控制作用。结果表明：依据断裂在油气成藏过程中的主要作用不同,划分了油源断裂与多套砂体上下叠置组合、输导断裂与砂体顺向或反向阶梯式组合、调节断裂与砂体"Y"字型组合,共3类4种断砂组合样式,在空间上形成了"接力式"的成藏模式。断砂组合对油气富集的控制作用主要体现在3个方面：①控制了油气藏的类型;油源断裂与多套砂体上下叠置组合主要控制形成岩性-构造、断块类油气藏,输导断裂与砂体顺向或反向阶梯式组合控制形成断块、断鼻和复合类油气藏,调节断裂与砂体"Y"字型组合控制形成断块类油气藏。②控制了油气的运移过程;油源断裂根部与大面积砂体组合沟通深层烃源,在油源断裂活动时,油气先沿断裂运移至浅层,并远距离运移至断阶区高部位富集,输导断裂与砂体顺向或反向阶梯式组合为油气提供阶梯式垂向-侧向运移通道,调节断裂与砂体组合则对油气富集起再调节分配作用。③控制了油气的聚集部位;当断裂输导概率f >50%,砂地比>0.50时,断砂组合起完全输导作用。在中浅层,油气沿输导断裂运移,输导断裂封堵性控制成藏;在中深层,油气富集程度则与砂地比值成正相关。     

江西银山铅锌矿床成矿流体特征

银山铅锌矿床产于前震旦系地层中 ,容矿围岩主要为千枚岩 ,矿体呈脉状受构造裂隙控制。流体包裹体及同位素研究表明金属元素及硫主要来自上地幔 ,流体主要是岩浆水。矿床属中低温岩浆热液矿床 ,为燕山期成矿     

西藏舍索矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床年代学与地球化学特征及意义

舍索矿床位于西藏申扎县北部,属班公湖-怒江成矿带中段,为小型矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。本文在野外地质调查和室内岩矿鉴定基础上开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测年、主量与微量元素测试、H-O、C、S和Pb同位素、流体包裹体拉曼光谱、包裹体温度与盐度分析。矿区成矿岩体花岗闪长岩年龄为116Ma, A/CNK值在1.0附近,A/NK值在1.62~1.88之间,为准铝质与过铝质的过渡类型。微量元素蛛网图中,富集大离子不相容元素Rb、Th、Pb、Ti,贫Nb。稀土配分模式属于右倾型,重稀土部分的曲线形态平缓,∑REE=89.89×10^-6~97.92×10^-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=7.47~9.31,δEu=0.75~0.89,具有不明显的负Eu异常。矿床形成于班公湖-怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲碰撞闭合之前的岛弧环境。石英包裹体流体主要为岩浆水。方解石的δ¹³C_V-PDB(‰)=-3.6~ -2.0;δ³⁴S_V-CDT(‰)=-10.3~2.7,以负值为主,出现-8.5‰与-3.5‰两个峰值,辉钼矿的δ³⁴S 出现较大的负值。花岗闪长岩的锶钕同位素显示其源区为幔源,在上升过程中受到下地壳物质的影响。包裹体均为气液两相包裹体,气相成分主要为CO₂,有少量的N₂与CH₄。气液比(%)为5~45,大小为3×6~33×20μm。测试的均一温度范围为130~290℃,主要介于180~260℃,盐度主要介于3%~6% NaCleqv和10%~18% NaCleqv,总体显示为低温低盐度特点。成矿物质由岩浆与地层共同提供。     

鲁东地区侵入岩形成时代和期次划分

鲁东地区前寒武纪侵入岩其侵入活动集中于新太古代和新元古代,均遭受不同程度的区域变质和韧性剪切带的改造,形成一套花岗质片麻岩类。新太古代早期TTG质花岗岩分布于胶北隆起区莱州一栖霞一带,经受了区域变质作用,形成一套灰色片麻岩,锆石内核SHRIMPU—Pb年龄2726—2707Ma基本代表岩浆结晶年龄,锆石变质边为2500Ma;古元古代侵入岩——莱州基性一超基性岩组合形成于1900～1850Ma左右,锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄（1852±9）Ma,（1868±11）Ma;新元古代侵入岩主要为花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩,出露于胶南-威海造山带,锆石U～Pb定年结果集中为892～605Ma,其中荣成超单元锆石SHRIMPU—Pb年龄720～780Ma。中生代侵入岩以花岗岩类为主,集中出露于半岛北部和东南沿海一带。燕山早期侵入岩文登超单元、垛崮山超单元、玲珑超单元锆石SHRIMPU—Pb同位素年龄值集中在167～150Ma;燕山晚期侵入岩大店超单元锆石SHRIMPU～Pb年龄120±4Ma,崂山超单元锆石SHRIMPU～Pb同位素年龄值为（120±2）～（114±2）Ma。     

西藏冈底斯南部陆陆碰撞早期成矿作用分析

冈底斯带南部发育有大量的斑岩铜钼矿床和矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床,形成了斑岩铜矿带和多金属矿带.前人的研究表明,成矿带内的矿床形成年代大都小于30Ma,处于碰撞后期伸展构造环境.本文对冈底斯带中南部的甲龙矽卡岩型铁矿、撒当金银矿床(点)和多底沟矽卡岩型钼矿床(点)开展了年代学研究,结果显示:甲龙铁矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为61.1 ±0.4Ma,MSWD=0.94;撒当赋矿安山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为62.6±0.5Ma,MSWD=1.51;多底沟钼矿床(点)3件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为64.3±0.8Ma ～ 69.2±3.3Ma,加权平均模式年龄为66.7±6.4Ma(MSWD=8.1).三个矿床(点)的同位素年龄表明成岩成矿事件和印度-欧亚板块陆陆碰撞早期构造岩浆事件有关.结合前人工作,我们提出冈底斯中南部发生了大规模与陆陆碰撞早期岩浆事件有关的成矿作用,形成了大面积分布的矿床,具有良好的找矿前景,应引起更多关注.