一株底栖硅藻——双眉藻的优化培养

双眉藻(Amphora sp.)是糙刺参(Stichopus horrens)喜食的优良饵料。本文采用光密度法分别测定了该藻在光照强度28～149 μmol/(m²·s)、温度20～35℃、盐度25~45 和氮质量浓度0～7 500 mg/L、磷质量浓度0～440 mg/L、硅质量浓度0～1 500 mg/L 以及氮磷硅多因子组合情况下的比生长速率, 探讨了光照、温度、盐度和不同质量浓度的氮、磷、硅单因子及多因子组合对该藻生长的影响, 以及该藻的最适生长条件。单因子试验结果表明, 该藻在光照范围为35～149 μmol/(m²·s)时都能良好生长, 最适光照为56～99 μmol/(m²·s), 低温时该藻生长缓慢, 最适生长温度为25～30℃。Amphora sp.为广盐性, 在盐度25～45 都能较好生长, 最适盐度为30～35。氮、磷、硅的最适质量浓度分别是750～7 500 mg/L、44 mg/L和150mg/L, 磷对该藻生长的影响比氮更显著。正交实验结果表明, 氮、磷、硅的最佳质量浓度分别为75 mg/L、44 mg/L 和150 mg/L, 最佳配比为2.4:1:3.4, 与其他底栖硅藻的相应指标存在一定的差异, 可能是物种和地域环境差异引起的, 反映出该藻适应高温、强光特殊栖息环境的特征。     

深海芽孢杆菌E401B03 次生代谢产物分离和结构鉴定

利用硅胶柱、凝胶柱及高效液相(HPLC)等色谱方法,对采自中国南海的深海芽孢杆菌 E401B03发酵液的乙酸乙酯相浸膏进行了分离,通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、EIMS 等方法鉴定了7个化合物: N-苯乙基乙酰胺、3-(羟基乙酰基)-吲哚、3-(2-羟基乙基)-吲哚、环(缬-缬)二肽、尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、对羟基苯甲醛     

Accumulation and biodegradation of phenanthrene and fluoranthene by the algae enriched from a mangrove aquatic ecosystem

This study focused on the accumulation and biodegradation of two typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene (PHE) and fluoranthene (FLA), by the diatoms enriched from a mangrove aquatic ecosystem in the Jiulong River estuary, China. After separation, purification and culture, Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve and Nitzschia sp. were exposed to different concentrations of PHE, FLA, and a mixture of the two. The results showed that the tolerance of S.costatum to PHE and FLA was greater than that of Nitzschia sp., and that the toxic effect of FLA on S. costatum and Nitzschia sp. was higher than that of PHE. The microalgal species S. costatum and Nitzschia sp. were capable of accumulating and degrading the two typical PAHs simultaneously. The accumulation and degradation abilities of Nitzschia sp. were higher than those of S. costatum. Degradation of FLA by the two algal species was slower, indicating that FLA was a more recalcitrant PAH compound. The microalgal species also showed comparable or higher efficiency in the removal of the PHE-FLA mixture than PHE or FLA singly, suggesting that the presence of one PAH stimulated the degradation of the other.     

一株促藻生长细菌培养条件的优化

研究分离自对虾养殖池的一株促藻生长细菌的最佳培养条件,通过单因子实验得到该菌株的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏,初始pH值为7.5,最佳氯化钠质量浓度5 g/L;在其他培养条件不变的情况下,通过对酵母膏、葡萄糖、初始pH值做三因子三水平的正交实验,得到培养基最佳组合为:酵母膏10 g/L,葡萄糖1 g/L,初始pH值7.5。     

New fossil booklice from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar (Psocodea: Troctomorpha: Amphientometae: Manicapsocidae)

Palaeomanicapsocus margoae gen. et sp. nov. and Palaeomanicapsocus fouadi gen. et sp. nov. are characterized, described, illustrated, from the Cretaceous Burmese amber. Their phylogenetic position is discussed. These fossil taxa are the first manicapsocid barklice to be described from the Burmese amber.     

A new dragonfly family from the mid Cretaceous Burmese amber (Odonata: Aeshnoptera: Burmaeshnidae)

The third Cretaceous Aeshnoptera in amber is described from Myanmar. It represents a new family Burmaeshnidae fam. nov., genus and species Burmaeshna azari gen. et sp. nov. Its exact affinities remain uncertain but it is probably the sister group of the Late Cretaceous family Enigmaeshnidae. This discovery supports the hypothesis of an intense period of appearance of many aeshnopteran subclades during the late Early Cretaceous and the Late Cretaceous.     

Seed dispersal by domestic goats in a semiarid thornscrub of Mexico

Previous studies conducted in the semiarid thornscrub of the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán have reported a high consumption of cactus and legume fruits by domestic goats. To test the hypothesis that goats may effectively disperse seed, we collected domestic goat feces from different microhabitats (bare ground, under shrub or under tree). The area occupied by each microhabitat was measured in the field. We then quantified the presence of viable seeds in goat feces and their deposition in microhabitats suitable for seedling establishment. We collected 209 seeds and using a seed reference collection, we identified these as belonging to three endemic cactus species, two legumes and several unidentified species. A high proportion of the cactus seeds germinated. Although most of the feces were found in open areas, more than 30% were recorded beneath the canopies of perennial plants, a suitable microhabitat for seedling establishment and survival. Contrary to the general assumption that goats cause only degradation of vegetation, these findings show that goats can effectively disperse viable seeds of diverse species. Studies that evaluate the ecological role of goats as important elements of biotic interactions are needed in order to generate an adequate management program for livestock.     

ON THE FAMILY LYONSIIDAE (MOLLUSCA:BIVALVIA), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES FROM THE CHINA SEAS

The present paper deals with 4 species of Family Lyonsiidae , collected from the China Seas : one new genus and new species, Sinolyonsia sinica gen . et sp. nov, one species, Lyonsia kawamurai recorded for the first time from the China Seas , and 2 species L . ventricosa Gould and Agriodesma navicula (Adams et Reeve) reported previously from the Yellow Sea by the author .     

对虾育苗期聚缩虫及其附着基研究

以生物生态学方法,采用生物和非生物等10种附着基经人为投入虾苗池,预防斑节对虾(penaeus monodon)和长毛对虾病害,结果细基江蓠繁枝变种聚缩虫附着率较高,能相应减少幼虾体上的聚缩虫。试验表明,人为投入附着基,能使水质有害因子大为减少。显示出生物生态防治虾病良好的开端。     

别样玫瑰变色杆菌(Aliiroseovarius sp.)Z3基因组测序及比较基因组分析

菌株Z3是一株从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道样品中分离出的细菌。本研究利用Illumina HiSeq测序平台对其进行了测序, 用SOAPdenovo等软件进行基因组组装、系统发育分析、基因预测和功能注释, 并与别样玫瑰变色杆菌属(Aliiroseovarius)已知的5个种的模式株进行了比较基因组分析。基因组注释结果显示, Z3基因组大小为3525503bp, GC(guanylate and cytidylic acid)含量为59.4%, 预测包含3509个编码蛋白基因。通过16S rRNA基因全长序列比对、平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)、DNA-DNA杂交(DDH)和共线性分析发现, 菌株Z3与Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T的16S rRNA基因全长序列相似度最高, 为98.20%, 与Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris DSM 29439T的DDH和ANI值最高, 分别为26.80%和84.95%, 属于Alliroseovarius属的新种, 将其命名为Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3。经比较基因组分析发现, Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3与5个近缘的模式株细菌共享2005个直系同源核心基因簇; Z3拥有的413个独立基因经注释, 主要与碳水化合物转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢、复制、重组及修复等功能相关。功能注释发现Z3具有进行完整的反硝化途径的相关基因, 其利用的可能是环境中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等。本研究对Z3全基因序列的注释、功能和比较基因组的分析, 不仅丰富了Aliiroseovarius属细菌基因组资源, 还为深入研究其反硝化特性等提供了基础。