牙鲆病原秦皇岛弧菌的血清型及荧光抗体检验

用分离于病(死)牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus L.)的一种新病原弧菌——秦皇岛弧菌(Vibrio qinhuangdaora sp.nov.)的代表菌株(HQ010712-1株),分别制备全菌(OK)及热处理(121℃作用1h)的菌体(O)免疫原,强化免疫接种家兔制备相应抗血清,对供试12株秦皇岛弧菌进行了血清型检定,结果表明均存在同种的K抗原和同种的O抗原(血清同源),其中O抗原具有强免疫原性、K抗原的免疫原性弱但具有强O凝集抑制作用;以相应OK抗血清为第一抗体,以标准的羊抗兔IgG荧光抗体为第二抗体,对12株秦皇岛弧菌的纯培养物及用代表菌株(HQ010712-1)人工感染病死牙鲆的肝组织进行了间接荧光抗体染色,结果显示了特异的荧光反应。     

Two Species of Zosterophyllum from South China and Dating of the Xujiachong Formation with a Biostratigraphic Method

Zosterophyllum longa sp.nov.is reported from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation, Jiangyou District,northern Sichuan of China.This new plant has vertically elongate sporangia differing from all known species of Zosterophyllum,demonstrating morphological variations in Zosterophyllophytina.New materials of Zosterophyllum yunnanicum from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,Qujing District,eastern Yunnan of China show that fertile axes of this species are anisotomous or pseudomonopodial or K-shaped in branching.Sometimes fertile lateral axes are very short and bear an axUlary axis at the dividing point.Distinct thickening occurs along the whole margin of a sporangium,with sporangial lobes undeveloped.The evolution of Zosterophyllum is tentatively discussed.A biostratigraphic method of Gerrienne and Streel is introduced and applied to dating of the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,which is considered as of the late Pragian-early Emsian.     

罗非鱼嗅觉对15种常见氨基酸的RSE探讨

用15种常见氨基酸刺激罗非鱼嗅上皮，观察由此引起的嗅电反应(嗅电图，下简EOG)，研究各种氨基酸对嗅觉的相对有效刺激性(下简RSE).结果表明①15种氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE顺序如下L-Ser＞L-Met＞L-Lys＞ DL-Met＞L-Arg＞DL-Ser＞L-Cys＞L-Asn＞L-Thr＞L-His＞ L-Ala＞L-Glu＞DL-Pho＞L-Phe＞L-Asp;②在6种鱼类必需氨基酸中，RSE的排列顺序为L-Met＞L-Lys＞L-Arg＞L-Thr＞L-His＞L-Phe;③氨基酸对鱼类嗅觉的RSE与其结构有关.     

Early diagenetic imprints and U–Th isotope systematics of fossil land snail shells from the Chinese Loess Plateau

The loess-paleosol sequence on the Chinese Loess Plateau provides a unique archive that records climate change in East Asia in the Quaternary, yet absolute dating of the loess deposits is challenging due to the lack of directly datable materials. Fossil land snail shells, which are made from aragonite, are widely preserved in the loess deposits and have long been used to reconstruct past environmental changes. U-series dating of fossil land snail shells has the potential to provide a route for absolute dating of the loess deposits but remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present the first systematic investigation on the U-series isotope geochemistry as well as the early diagenetic imprints of fossil land snail shells (Cathaica sp.) from the Mangshan loess-paleosol sequence in Henan province, central China. Several geochemical techniques, including Raman microscopy, SEM, LA-ICPMS, LA-MC-ICPMS, solution-MC-ICPMS, and AMS ¹⁴C dating, were employed to investigate the mineralogy, chemical and isotopic compositions of both modern and fossil snail shells to micrometer level. Our results show that the fossil Cathaica sp. shells are overall characterized by a higher degree of porosity and elevated contents of organic matter compared to live-collected shells of the same species. The layers with higher porosity and organic matter content in the fossil Cathaica sp. shell are also found to be enriched in Na, Mg, Mn, Ba, and U, indicating diffusion and adsorption of these elements by specific surface binding sites of either aragonitic lattice or organic compounds of the fossil shell. Combining in-situ measurements using LA-MC-ICPMS with solution U-series determination, we further demonstrate that fossil Cathaica sp. shell is relatively homogeneous regrading both [²³⁴U/²³⁸U] and [²³⁰Th/²³⁸U] values although the distribution of U in the fossil shell is sample-specific. The comparison of different dating results suggests that the calculated apparent closed system U–Th ages are all systematically younger (∼6000 to 13,000 years) than the corresponding shell ¹⁴C ages and quartz SAR (single-aliquot regenerative-dose) ages from the Mangshan section. We suggest that the underestimation of U–Th ages of fossil Cathaica sp. shells is very likely caused by diagenetic uptake of U that started immediately after the burial of the shell and effectively ceased when the fossil shell was isolated from the pore waters due to persistent deposition of eolian dust at the Mangshan section. Our work on both modern and fossil Cathaica sp. shells thus provides detailed morphological and geochemical characterization for the diagenetic alteration of fossil snail shells and suggests that U-series dating of fossil land snail shells may provide age constraints for dust deposits in the semi-arid region although the timing of early diagenetic U-uptake by the fossil shells need to be better quantified for reliable age determination.     

北极海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp.604F中的抗霉素A和伏尔加霉素类成分

极地微生物代谢产生芳香族硝基化合物、肽类、萜类等多种骨架类型的化学成分。为从北极放线菌中发现结构新颖、活性显著的小分子化合物,本研究采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶和半制备HPLC等柱层析分离纯化化合物手段,结合LC-MS、1H-和13C-NMR等波谱学数据和文献对比进行结构解析,从链霉菌Streptomyces sp.604F提取物中分离鉴定出抗霉素A1b(1)、抗霉素A4a(2)、抗霉素A2a(3)、抗霉素A3a(4)、抗霉素A1a(5)以及伏尔加霉素(6)和8-脱氧伏尔加霉素(7)这7个化合物。化合物1—7是首次从北极海洋沉积物来源的微生物中发现,而且是首次从同一菌株中发现抗霉素A和伏尔加霉素这两类化合物。     

转录组学分析B-3胞外多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7基因表达的影响

B-3胞外多糖是从一株南极嗜冷菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵液中提取的胞外多糖,前期研究发现该多糖能够激活巨噬细胞并影响其免疫调控活动。为探明其免疫调控途径,采用转录组学分析对经B-3多糖刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞系进行了差异表达基因分析。研究结果表明B-3多糖的刺激引起了420个基因的差异表达,其中上调178个、下调242个。差异表达基因与细胞功能存在诸多关联,但主要集中在代谢和免疫两个通路上：其中在多个免疫相关通路上,富集最显著的是抗原处理和表达途径;另一个明显富集的则是代谢通路,B-3多糖处理引起了大量参与代谢的酶类的表达变化,包括氨基酸,碳水化合物,脂质和核苷酸代谢相关基因均发生了一定程度的改变。因此,B-3胞外多糖作为一种免疫激活剂直接影响了RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的免疫功能,同时也对其胞内的代谢途径产生了影响。本论文首次开展了南极嗜冷细菌胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的影响,该研究为不同来源的活性多糖对巨噬细胞免疫激活研究提供了科学依据。     

黄丝藻细胞代谢物提取方法的比较研究

利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。     

东海自由生活线虫两新种

描述了采自东海陆架沉积物中自由生活线虫Hopperia和Nemanema属的两个新种。新种大化感器霍帕线虫主要特征是螺旋形化感器5圈,较大;弓形交接刺近端宽大具有中肋,延伸至三分之一处;引带具有弯曲的引带突;6个乳突状的肛前辅器;锥柱状尾具有膨大的末端和尾端刚毛。新种小线虫的主要特征是身体大小是属内最小的;具有较大的椭圆形化感器;尾锥状;交接刺细,具有腹面翼膜,近端弯钩状;引带环形;1个肛前辅器乳突状,其上着生3条刚毛。更新完善了Hopperia属17个种的二岐检索表。     

中国厦门湾红树林湿地自由生活海洋线虫两个似三核线虫属(线虫动物门:嘴刺目:似三孔线虫科)新种

似三核线虫属的两个新种似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）和似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）在本文中分别被描述,标本分别采自中国厦门同安湾红树林和海门岛红树林。两个新种都具有6根较粗的外唇刚毛,雄性标本不具有肛前附器,尾部圆锥圆柱形且不具有末端突起。似三核线虫红树林种（Tripyloides mangrovensis n.sp.）口器分成两部分,化感器圆形,尾部具有显著的近端圆锥形和远端纤细的圆柱形,圆柱形部分占尾部的2/3。似三核线虫厦门种（Tripyloides amoyanus n.sp.）口器分成3部分,具有小齿,化感器小,双环状,尾部1/3部分为圆柱形,引带有4个小齿。     

不同材料塑料挂板对海月水母浮浪幼虫附着的影响

通过野外海区挂板的方法,探讨高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚氨酯(PUR)6种不同材料的塑料挂板对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)附着的影响,分析不同塑料挂板表面粗糙度和海月水母附着的关系.研究结果表明:海月水母浮浪幼虫在夏末秋初可以附着在人工投放的塑料挂板附着基上,表明海岸带工程造成的人工附着基增多可能为海月水母的附着提供便利条件;海月水母螅状幼体在不同材料塑料挂板上的附着率有明显差异,PET、PUR和PVC塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率显著大于其他3种塑料挂板,其中PUR塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最大,附着率为3.21±0.74 ind./cm2,HDPE塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最低为0.26±0.08 ind./cm2;海月水母浮浪幼虫附着率与不同材料表面的粗糙度并不显著相关,表明塑料挂板材料的表面粗糙度并不是影响海月水母螅状幼体附着率的关键因子,而不同材料塑料挂板上形成的生物膜可能也对海月水母浮浪幼虫的附着产生影响.研究结果可为我国近岸海域有害水母海月水母暴发和防控研究提供一定的重要参考数据.