A new ‘primitive’ family of thrips from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Insecta, Thysanoptera)

A new family of thrips, Moundthripidae, is described on the basis of a new genus and species, Moundthrips beatificus, from Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. This taxon has plesiomorphic prognathous mouthparts, a unique type of wing venation and the main apomorphies of the Thysanoptera of the legs and mouthpart structures, suggesting that they were acquired very early during the evolution of this order.     

藏南洛扎地区晚侏罗世乃乡组的建立及日当组中Cyclesthriopsis的发现

在藏南的洛扎一江孜一带新发现了一套晚侏罗世碎屑岩地层，与西侧的维关组及东北部的卡东组、桑秀组为同期异相，岩性差异较大，延伸稳定，命名为乃乡组。在中侏罗世日当组中新发现似圆叶肢介化石。     

Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov., a gymnospermous wood of the Stephanian (Late Pennsylvanian) from Ningxia, northwestern China

A new Late Pennsylvanian species of gymnospermous fossil wood, Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. is described from the Lower Taiyuan Formation (Stephanian B-C) near the village of Xiaheyan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China. The specimen consists only of silicified secondary xylem. The tracheids are pycnoxylic with 2–3 seriate bordered pits, arranged in subcircular or hexagonal alternate (araucaroid) pattern. The pores of the pits are small, linear, and regularly tilted. Xylem rays are homogeneous, uniseriate, 1–25 cells high. Cross-fields are filled with numerous mixed simple pits of various sizes. Growth rings, axial parenchymatous elements and resin canals are absent. The geographic distribution of Zalesskioxylon woods is reviewed. Zalesskioxylon xiaheyanense sp. nov. grew at low latitudes, and because of the lack of growth rings, probably lived under relatively uniform climatic conditions. Our new species supplements the poorly known distribution of Carboniferous wood in China.     

Artemia parthenogenetica in Lake Hayward, Western Australia. I. Interrupted recruitment into adult stages in response to seasonal limnology

Lake Hayward, Western Australia, is a pristine, monomictic coastal lake with a residual brine (depth=1.5 m) of 200 gL⁻¹: stratification in winter (May to October) followed the input of ground water and rain. The epilimnion had temperature ranges of 10–30°C, and salinity from 65–110 g L⁻¹. Maximum depth in winter was 2.4 m. The population structure of the brine shrimpArtemia parthenogenetica, the dominant metazoan grazer in Lake Hayward, was studied from September, 1989, to February, 1991. The L. Hayward population ofA. parthenogenetica is predominantly ovoviviparous with little recruitment into the adult population. Cyst production occurs in summer, and there was evidence for recruitment from cyst hatching in the winters of 1989 and 1990. Nauplii were continuously present throughout the study period. Nevertheless, recruitment through to adult stages as defined by the presence of gravid females occurred only twice: in October–December, 1989 and in December, 1990. Based on limited observations of long-term survival of laboratory cultures, we believe that the major mechanism controlling nauplius survival and recruitment ofArtemia in Lake Hayward is food quality and quantity.     

有机磷农药对扁藻的联合毒性研究

采用水生毒理联合效应相加指数法，比较了久效磷、辛硫磷、敌敌畏以及对硫磷的单剂和混合剂对扁藻的急性毒性和联合毒性。结果表明：久效磷和辛硫磷的联合毒性为协同作用；久效磷和敌敌畏的联合毒性为拮抗作用；久效磷和敌敌畏和对硫磷的48h联合毒性为协同作用，72h、96h则为拮抗作用。     

紫球藻胞外多糖抗辐射的生物学活性研究

研究了单细胞红藻紫球藻（Porphyridium sp.)对^60Coγ－射线辐射后小鼠免疫功能的影响。紫球藻胞外多糖（Plysaccharide of Porphyridium sp.PSP）在体内对小鼠免疫功能具正调节作用，具体表现为显著提高小鼠脾细胞增殖水平，自然杀伤（Natural Killer Cell,NK细胞）杀伤活性和白细胞介素2（Interleukin 2,IL-2)活性。IL－2可以激活T细胞，增强NK细胞的活性，改善^60Coγ－射线辐射引起的免疫功能低下而对机体造成的不利影响，使小鼠的免疫功能达到甚至超过正常水平。     

光照对东海赤潮高发区春季硅藻生长的影响

2005年3月在东海赤潮高发区的ZA3和ZC18b站通过现场培养探讨了光照对东海硅藻生长和演替的影响。培养期间,ZA3站优势种为中肋骨条藻,没有发生演替现象;ZC18b站,当光照低于6.7MJ.m-2.d-1,由角毛藻演替为中肋骨条藻,光照高于6.7MJ.m-2.d-1,角毛藻为第一优势种,浮动弯角藻为第二优势种。Logistic生长模型可以很好地描述不同光照下硅藻的生长状况,其拟和系数为0.92±0.03。终止生物量以及优势种生长速率与光照的关系表明,温度13.0℃左右,中肋骨条藻的最适生长光照为5.0MJ.m-2.d-1,角毛藻sp.和浮动弯角藻的最适生长光照均为6.7MJ.m-2.d-1。在富营养化条件下,光照是影响硅藻生长和演替的因子。     

Evaluation of nutrient components of Bangia sp.

General nutrient components including moisture, ash, crude protein, lipid and carbohydrate, inorganic elements, photosynthetic pigments, amino acids and fatty acids of Bangia sp. were analyzed and compared with Porphyra yezoensis. The results indicated that the content of protein, total amino acids and free amino acids accounted for 47.2% , 42.6% and 3.3% in dried Bangia sp. , respectively, all essential amino acids were present in relatively high levels and desirable composition. Lipid was 1.8%, in which the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reached 50.5% . In per 100 g dried material, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin accounted for 766, 208, 4 600 and 2963 mg, respectively. Inorganic elements necessary for human body were found to be abundant in Bangia sp. The results showed that the nutritive value of Bangia sp. was the highest among algae reported so far, and the industry of Bangia sp. was provided with significant economic importance and developing potential.     

华贵栉孔扇贝生产性育苗高产试验

华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis的亲贝由人工种苗养成,采用阴干、紫外光照射、温差刺激等综合方法刺激亲贝,获得了诱导产卵的好效果。幼虫以叉鞭金藻为饵料,生长发育正常,变态附着率达73.5—96.5％,出池苗的成苗率约21％,最高产量为20.6×10~4个/m~3,经海区中27d的种苗中间培养,商品种苗的保苗率为20％左右。幼虫和池内幼苗的生长表现出初期慢、中期快、后期生长速度下降的趋势。海区的幼苗生长则呈现出随着个体增大而生长加快的趋势。