Enhancing Geophysical Signals Through the Use of Savitzky-Golay filtering method

In the Sidi Chennane basin exploitation inclusions of sterile hardpan—so-called “derangements” — are hard to detect and interfere with phosphate extraction. A Schlumberger resistivity survey over an area of 50 hectares was carried out. The Savitzky-Golay filtering method was used as a tool for denoising the data.Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filters are one of the filters which can smoothen out the signal without much destroying its original properties. Despite their exceptional features, they were rarely used so far in the geophysical signal processing. The aim of this paper is the investigation of their properties in detail from the geoelectrical signal processing aspect. The experimental results indicate that S-G filter is better for denoising geoelectrical signal. Models of the geology were successfully obtained from Savitzky-Golay filtering method, which help mapping the phosphate deposit inclusions and the estimations of phosphate reserves were improved and better constrained.     

Mineralogical and geochemical alteration of low-grade metamorphic black slates due to oxidative weathering

Low-grade metamorphic black slates of Silurian and Lower Devonian ages (from the Thüringisches Schiefergebirge in Germany) were investigated to identify mineralogical and geochemical alterations that occur during the oxidative weathering black slates.The slates exhibit an intense total organic carbon decrease (>90 wt%) due to oxidative weathering. The organic matter in black slate consists mainly of non-pyrolysable material with only minor portions of pyrolysable material. In contrast to the non-pyrolysable organic matter, the concentration of pyrolysable organic matter is not decreased during weathering. Heating experiments have yielded information about a potential protection of pyrolysable organic matter against weathering, which is probably caused by a structural configuration or the intergrowth of organic matter and illite.The slates consist mainly of illite. Iron oxide (goethite) and phosphate encrustations were formed on slate surfaces as a result of oxidative and acid weathering of both iron sulfide and monazite. Kaolinite often occurs as an older encrustation beneath the iron oxide encrustations. Encrustations of iron oxide and phosphate are major sinks for trace elements, released during oxidative weathering.     

富稀土磷酸盐及其在深海成矿作用中的贡献

中国最近几年对中北太平洋海域开展了系统调查,在中太平洋海盆新发现了稀土含量高达2000×10~(-6)的富稀土泥。深海泥样品稀土与各主要氧化物相关图解中,∑REY与P_2O_5含量始终保持良好的相关性。在太平洋各沉积物柱状样中,∑REY随着P2O5变化非常敏感。如果将P_2O_5含量高于0.25%的样品剔除,深海泥的∑REY不高于400×10~(-6),指示了磷对稀土元素的控制。海洋磷酸盐能够继承海水的负Ce异常及高Y/Ho比值特征,深海泥样品具有相似特征,且表现为稀土含量越高,其稀土配分模式越接近磷酸盐。酸淋滤实验显示,滤液中萃取出大部分的P及∑REY,且∑REY与P含量具有良好的正相关关系。无论∑REY高低,滤液稀土配分均呈现出显著的负Ce异常;而难溶残留物的∑REY普遍较低,且无负Ce异常特征。根据12组滤液中PO_4~(3-)与∑REY,估算出深海泥中的磷酸盐具有的∑REY含量范围为9495×10~(-6)~28287×10~(-6),这与深海泥中生物磷灰石的稀土含量和稀土模式均吻合。综上所述,我们认为深海泥中的磷酸盐主要以富稀土磷酸盐的形式存在,其稀土含量远高于深海泥中的铁锰氧化物和铝硅酸,因此磷含量的变化对于深海泥的稀土含量和模式影响至关重要。相较于碳酸盐沉积环境下容易形成贫稀土的磷块岩,深海环境下的化学沉积以及有机P的成岩作用容易形成富稀土磷酸盐。     

沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附动力学研究

研究了乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物在黄河水体中对磷酸盐(P)的吸附动力学及其影响因素和吸附/解吸平衡质量浓度(EPC0值)。结果表明：①不同沙漠颗粒物对P的吸附能力各不相同,但吸附速率均在前 8 h内较快,以后逐渐趋缓,在48 h时基本达到吸附平衡。磷初始浓度和颗粒物浓度均对颗粒物吸附P有一定影响;②颗粒物对P的吸附过程均符合准二级吸附动力学模型及Weber-Morris扩散方程,吸附过程主要由P在颗粒物内的扩散过程控制;③入河沙漠颗粒物在黄河水体中对P的吸附过程存在一个吸附/解吸平衡点,该点对应的不同颗粒物对P的EPC0值为0.010~0.042 mg·L-1,且其值均大于相应黄河水体中的P浓度,说明沙漠颗粒物入河后有向水体释磷的趋势。     

L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯镁的合成

以Ｌ抗坏血酸为基本原料合成Ｌ抗坏血酸２磷酸酯镁。对两种合成方法直接酰化法和基团保护法作实验比较和改进。直接酰化法中,采用混合碱（ 包括氧化镁） 可使磷酰化与成盐反应合并为一步进行,并能提高产率,而采用基团保护法能取得最佳的合成效果。     

四川省马边县六股水磷矿床的地质特征

六股水磷矿床赋存于下寒武统麦地坪组,包含2个磷矿层、6个磷矿体。矿体水平延伸1200～2700m,均厚1.3～4.88m,深部延深大于120m。矿石类型有块状及白云质条带(条纹)状2种磷矿石,P2O5平均品位29.42%。稀土元素总量低,分布模式呈轻稀土富集型。矿床为生物化学沉积成因,磷经历了复杂的富集过程。     

中国磷矿石分析文献评介

收集了1990—2010年中国磷矿石分析技术与方法的中外期刊文献102条,其中单个组分(元素)分析方法的文献56条,传统的多个组分连测方法的文献24条,现代多元素同时分析方法的文献20条,综合性评述等2条。20世纪90年代以来,单个组分(元素)测定的方法迅速减少,发表的文献量也大为减少,多元素同时分析技术得到迅速发展和广泛应用,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)已成为当今磷矿石多元素分析的基本的有效的技术方法。ICP-AES用于测定磷矿石中痕量元素(包括稀土元素)具有明显优势,而磷矿石的主、次量元素分析XRF的测定精度更高,特别是以XRF为主。直接压片制样的XRF技术的"环境友好"特性使其具有更广的应用前景。结合目前中国磷矿石分析的国家标准分析方法和现有的磷矿石国家一级标准物质,提出了应尽快制订以现代多元素同时分析方法为主的磷矿石分析方法新的国家标准,以与现代主流分析技术相适应;研制新的具有更多特性量值的磷矿石标准物质,以满足磷矿石资源综合利用研究的需求。     

湖泊沉积物对磷的吸附特征及其吸附热力学参数

在模拟条件下研究了属于不同营养水平的3个沉积物吸附磷等温线、动力学和热力学参数,比较了不同沉积物吸附磷的差别。结论如下:（1）在本研究条件下,五里湖沉积物吸附磷的Qmax、K、NAP和EPC0均高于东太湖和贡湖沉积物,而m却较低。东太湖和贡湖沉积物与其上覆水间基本保持磷吸附-解吸动态平衡状态,五里湖沉积物有向上覆水释放磷的趋势;（2）沉积物吸附磷主要发生在0⁰.5h之内,此时间段吸附速率为贡湖沉积物与东太湖沉积物相差不大,均高于五里湖沉积物;（3）温度对五里湖沉积物吸附磷影响相对较小,而对贡湖和东太湖沉积物影响较大。     

柱撑蒙脱石改性磷铵及其增效机理研究

本通过Keggin离子制备了柱撑蒙脱石，并对其进行了酸化处理。盆栽试验研究表明，利用柱撑蒙脱石和酸化柱撑蒙脱石对磷酸二铵进行改性试验处理，生物量显高于磷铵对照，氮素和磷素利用率显提高。X射线衍射技术和红外光谱对改性磷铵进行结构研究表明，其晶体结构发生了较大的变化，这种变化减少了氮的损失和磷在土壤中的固定，从而提高磷铵氮磷的生物有效性。     

Removal of Lead,Copper, Zinc and Cadmium from Water Using Phosphate Rock

Removal of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock （FAP） was investigated. The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method. The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%. The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate. The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from polluted waters.