Phosphorus metabolism in anthropogenically transformed lagoon ecosystems: The Comacchio lagoons (Ferrara, Italy)

Inorganic phosphorus dynamics were investigated with the use of ³²P in the hypertrophic Comacchio lagoons (NE Adriatic) during an extremely dense, quasi-permanent bloom of picocyanobacteria. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) in waters of the blooming lagoons were usually near the detection limit (0.01 μmoles·dm⁻³). DIP uptake rates by microplankton at near-ambient concentrations (0.01 to 0.1 μmoles·dm⁻³) were in the range of 9.6 to 16.1 nmoles P·dm⁻³·min⁻¹, and turnover times were 1.5 to 3 min. The turnover time was >40 h in the eutrophic coastal waters of the adjacent Adriatic Sea. The uptake rate of DIP depended on its initial concentration. In water samples artificially enriched with DIP, the uptake rate rose to its maximum of 0.10 to 0.13 μmoles P·dm⁻³·min⁻¹ (or 6 to 7 μmoles·dm⁻³·h⁻¹) when the initial concentration of DIP was elevated to 10 to 20 μmoles·dm⁻³. The potential capacity of microplankton in the water samples to consume and retain DIP was estimated at 25 μmoles·dm⁻³. Specific features are discussed of phosphorus metabolism in the anthropogenically transformed lagoon ecosystem with an anomalous food web with few animals.     

L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯镁的合成

以Ｌ抗坏血酸为基本原料合成Ｌ抗坏血酸２磷酸酯镁。对两种合成方法直接酰化法和基团保护法作实验比较和改进。直接酰化法中,采用混合碱（ 包括氧化镁） 可使磷酰化与成盐反应合并为一步进行,并能提高产率,而采用基团保护法能取得最佳的合成效果。     

中国磷矿石分析文献评介

收集了1990—2010年中国磷矿石分析技术与方法的中外期刊文献102条,其中单个组分(元素)分析方法的文献56条,传统的多个组分连测方法的文献24条,现代多元素同时分析方法的文献20条,综合性评述等2条。20世纪90年代以来,单个组分(元素)测定的方法迅速减少,发表的文献量也大为减少,多元素同时分析技术得到迅速发展和广泛应用,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)已成为当今磷矿石多元素分析的基本的有效的技术方法。ICP-AES用于测定磷矿石中痕量元素(包括稀土元素)具有明显优势,而磷矿石的主、次量元素分析XRF的测定精度更高,特别是以XRF为主。直接压片制样的XRF技术的"环境友好"特性使其具有更广的应用前景。结合目前中国磷矿石分析的国家标准分析方法和现有的磷矿石国家一级标准物质,提出了应尽快制订以现代多元素同时分析方法为主的磷矿石分析方法新的国家标准,以与现代主流分析技术相适应;研制新的具有更多特性量值的磷矿石标准物质,以满足磷矿石资源综合利用研究的需求。     

湖北省钟祥市莲花山磷矿地质特征及找矿远景

提要莲花山磷矿赋存于震旦系下统陡山陀阶,有Ph1和Ph3磷矿层发育,共划定4个矿体,最大矿体长2500m,宽1700～ 2800m,矿体平均厚度4.68m,矿石P2O5平均品位21.12％.矿石类型主要为胶状泥晶结构和粒屑结构条带状磷块岩.矿床成因为海相沉积,磷矿沉积范围广、连续性好、相对稳定,在矿区的西部和矿区的东南...     

High inorganic phosphate concentration in coral mucus and its utilization by heterotrophic bacteria in a Malaysian coral reef

Inorganic nutrient contents of mucus released by Acropora corals and its utilization by heterotrophic bacteria at several different hour intervals in the coral mucus were investigated at a coral reef in Malaysia. The dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentration was 135‐fold higher than in the ambient seawater, probably due to inorganic P release from the coral gut cavity. We experimentally confirmed that heterotrophic bacteria rapidly (within 8 h) consumed ca. 80% of the initial concentration of DIP derived from coral mucus. High DIP concentration in coral mucus may enhance heterotrophic bacterial production and associated carbon flow in the microbial loop of reef ecosystems.     

二苯碳酰二肼光度法测定超基性岩石中三氧化二铬的改进

二苯碳酰二肼光度法是测定微量Cr(Ⅵ)的行业标准方法,以硫酸作为显色介质,酸度要求严格,显色稳定时间短,体系显色后需在10 min～1 h测定完毕,灵敏度较差。本文对标准方法进行改进,将显色介质由硫酸改为磷酸。结果表明,在H3PO4介质中显色剂与Cr(Ⅵ)反应生成的络合物可稳定3 h,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)≤5.25%,加标回收率为99.2%～102.0%,检出限由标准方法的13.6μg/g降至3.8μg/g。建立的方法用于超基性岩标准物质分析,相比于标准方法,稳定性、精密度和准确性均有提高。     

Study of inorganic ligand-chromium(III)-surface ternary complexes by ESR spectroscopy

Cr(III) sorbed at the solid/water interface of latex and hectorite was studied by ESR spectroscopy in the presence of different inorganic ligands. The ESR spectra of the surface obtained in the presence of selenite, phosphate and fluoride can be explained in terms of ternary surface complex formation. This is contrasted by the behaviour of sulfate and selenate ions which were found to have no effect on the ligand field of Cr(III), either in the adsorbed state or in solution.     

中国北方早、中前寒武纪磷矿

中国北方早、中前寒武系磷矿有四个层位六种类型。太古代磷矿主要产于中朝地块内的华北陆核、辽吉南部—朝鲜北部陆核及山东陆核等陆核区。早元古代早期,在太古代陆核边缘或中间地块沉积了优地槽型磷矿。早元古代晚期有大陆边缘和拗拉槽白云质碳酸盐建造的磷矿床与克拉通内盆地陆屑和复理石建造的磷矿床,其中大陆边缘型最重要,构成了长约4000多公里的巨大“S”形成矿带。早元古代末期,五台运动之后,有同造山期的山间盆地磷矿床形成。     

磷酸盐缓凝剂的优选与水泥复合浆液性能研究

研制了一种以无机聚合物（水玻璃）为速凝剂，以磷酸盐为缓凝剂配制而成的CWP水泥复合浆液。在该复合浆液中，用磷酸二氢铵作缓凝剂效果最好。CWP复合浆液在流变性，塑性强度，稳定性和结石强度上具有优良的性能。     

Potassium and Residue Management Options to Enhance Productivity and Soil Quality in Zero Till Maize–Wheat Rotation

Crop residue burning and imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers in intensive cereal–cereal rotations are present ecological threats in any agro‐ecosystem of the world. Therefore, identification of best suitable agricultural practices can be a feasible option. The present experiment was initiated in 2013 and consisted of four residue levels (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha^?1) and five potassium (K) levels (0, 50, 100, 150% recommended dose of K and 50%RDK+K solubilizing bacteria, KSB). Crop residue (CR) and K management significantly improve crop and soil quality associated parameters. Among the treatments, maximum increase in crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, quality aspects, and water productivity are recorded with the application of 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR. Application of 50%RDK+KSB also significantly increases crop and soil related parameters. Soil quality indicators (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and available micronutrients) do not vary significantly with CR and K management. Change in soil organic carbon status, soil enzymes, and potassium‐solubilizing bacterial count are significantly increased with 4–6 Mg ha^?1 CR and application of 50%RDK+KSB, and this is in accordance with correlation study carried out. Therefore, it is concluded that CR retention (4–6 Mg ha^?1) and reduction of inorganic K fertilizer by 50% and inoculation of KSB enhance the soil quality indicators and thereby improve crop growth, physiological parameters, grain yield, and quality aspects along with water productivity under zero till maize–wheat rotation.