土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响

研究了土壤含水量和磷肥对马铃薯生长发育及抗旱生理的影响,结果显示：（1）土壤含水量的下降导致马铃薯幼苗叶片含水量和叶绿素含量降低,可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量、相对电导率（REC）及超氧阴离子（O₂^-·）产生速率升高,抗氧化酶活性增强,株高、茎粗、根长、匍匐茎数、地上部分干重降低,马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质、Vc含量下降;（2）不同水分条件下增施适量磷肥,显著提高了马铃薯叶片含水量、叶绿素含量,相对增强了抗氧化酶活性,降低了相对电导率、MDA含量和活性氧水平,且马铃薯块茎重量及块茎淀粉、蛋白质和Vc含量显著增加。（3）比较包括对照在内的6种磷肥增施量,增施15.3 g·m^-2磷肥对马铃薯幼苗抗旱性及生长发育的促进效果最佳。综上所述,干旱胁迫显著抑制了马铃薯幼苗生长发育,而增施适量磷肥可通过提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫下马铃薯幼苗叶片的脂质过氧化程度及细胞膜损伤,减轻干旱对生长发育的抑制,增强植株整体抗旱性。     

萃取法制取磷酸二氢钾工艺研究

本文研究改进了萃取法制取磷酸二氢钾的工艺路线,确定了较适宜的工艺条件,萃取在常温下进行,一次反应得到磷酸二氢钾。产品纯度高,能耗低,有望成为大规模工业生产该产品最经济的路线之一。     

岩湾矿段风化磷矿形成条件及其三种类型

湖北省鹤峰磷矿走马矿区岩湾矿段风化磷矿是湖北境内首次探明的一中型风化磷矿。矿床成因类型有风化残余型、风化淋滤型、洪积型砂磷矿等三类。在时间上 ,风化淋积型矿体位于风化残余型矿体之下 ,是风化残余型的继承发展。在雨水和洪水冲刷下 ,风化残余磷矿在适当的低洼地带堆积成洪积型砂磷矿。对这种风化矿的勘探应因地制宜 ,灵活运用。对岩湾矿段风化磷矿的成因探讨和勘探研究为东山峰寻找和勘探类似风化磷矿积累了经验。     

低浓度磷酸一酯的膜富集和气相色谱测定

磷酸一酯（ＲＯ）Ｐ（Ｏ）（ＯＨ）２是一种强极性的有机磷化合物。研究了水体中磷酸一（１－萘）酯的富集和上色谱分析,建立了一个简便快速、高灵敏度、实用的分析方法。富集是采用固相萃取方法,选用载有十八烷基硅烷的尼龙滤膜吸附,甲醇洗脱,回收率达７２％￣７％。它的气相色谱分析选用ＢＳＴＦＡ为衍生剂,反应条件为温度６５℃,反应时间３０ｍｉｎ,获得了满意的结果。方法的最低检测限为０。０６ｎｇ。     

湖泊沉积物中磷酸盐氧同位素前处理方法对比

磷酸盐氧同位素(δ~(18)OP)是一种有效的磷源示踪方式.由于湖泊沉积物的组成十分复杂,必须对样品进行除碳处理和纯化处理.本文对目前应用较为广泛的几种前处理方法进行比较,包括NaClO处理和H_2O_2处理等除有机碳方法,以及Blake法和Mc Laughlin法等纯化方法,以期获得适用于湖泊沉积物磷酸盐氧同位素的前处理方法.结果表明:(1)NaClO处理可以保证较高的无机磷提取效率,同时能有效地减少无机磷提取液中有机质含量,且对不同形态磷的破坏较小;H2O2对有机质的去除效果不稳定,且处理后样品磷形态之间发生转化,显著增加了提取的无机磷浓度.(2)Blake法和Mc Laughlin法分别采用磷钼酸铵(APM)+磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀和Ce PO4沉淀对样品进行纯化.在纯化处理湖泊沉积物过程中,Blake法优于Mc Laughlin法,主要体现为有机质去除率高,并且磷的回收率较为稳定.(3)经Blake法纯化丹麦Nordborg湖沉积物样品得到的Ag_3PO_4中C、N含量低于Mc Laughlin法且重现性好.本文结合NaClO法与Blake法的优点,建立了一种适合湖泊沉积物的磷酸盐氧同位素前处理方法:首先用2.5%NaClO对沉积物样品进行除碳预处理,然后对磷酸盐提取液依次通过氢氧化镁共沉淀(MAGIC)、APM+MAP沉淀、阳离子交换树脂处理,最后生成Ag3PO4沉淀.     

Rare Earth and Metal Geochemistry of Land and Submarine Phosphorites in the Baja California Peninsula,Mexico

The geochemical composition of phosphorites and phosphatic sediments in the Baja California peninsula is studied and used to assess the environment in which phosphogenesis took place. The deposits are classified in three groups: (1) stratified phosphorites, (2) phosphatic sandy sediments from beaches and dunes, and (3) submarine sediments. Some of the elements that might have substituted Ca and PO₄ during francolite mineralization were studied by means of ICP-AES. Significant differences are seen in the concentration of these metals (e.g., Cr = 72-406 μg g^?1 and V = 17-198 μg g^?1), indicating that their concentration is not only controlled by the P₂O₅ concentration, but also by paleo-environmental conditions existing during francolite precipitation. Shale normalized REE patterns suggest two main environments of formation: (1) a strong negative Ce anomaly (< ? 0.3) and La enrichment (La/Nd ≥ 1) enrichment, suggesting well oxygenated shelf environments and probably lower light REE weathering, and (2) a weak negative Ce anomaly (> ? 0.3) and La depletion (La/Nd ≤ 1) suggesting shallower waters or restricted circulation and probably LREE weathering.     

钾盐和磷酸盐对固化土早期强度的影响研究

利用土壤板结原理,通过对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土无侧限抗压强度试验和水稳定性试验,探讨钾盐、磷酸盐对其早期强度的影响规律;通过X射线衍射（XRD）对固化土的物相成分进行了分析,探讨钾盐、磷酸盐影响固化土强度的变化内在机制。试验结果表明,钾盐、磷酸盐对固化土强度提高的阈值为0.6%,当盐掺入量低于该阈值时,固化土强度会随着盐掺量的增加而提高,当盐掺入量超过该阈值时,固化土强度会逐渐降低。盐掺入量不超过2%时,掺盐固化土水稳定性与未掺盐固化土差不多,7 d固化土软化系数基本保持在70%以上,但掺入K2SO4的固化土水稳定性较差,软化系数在60%左右。生成高强难溶具有膨胀性的矿物晶体是掺盐固化土早期强度提高的主要原因,但盐掺入量过高,固化土中矿物晶体过多膨胀作用,破坏固化土结构,而使固化土早期强度降低。     

宜昌磷矿北部整装勘查项目深孔复杂地层钻探技术

宜昌磷矿北部整装勘查工程是湖北省大型磷矿资源勘查项目,由于地形复杂,工作量大,施工条件困难,钻孔深度达到1400 m,给钻探组织和施工带来更高的要求。本文就该项目的地质钻探工作进行简要总结,介绍了寒武系和震旦系地层中的钻探施工技术及应用效果。     

Characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto granulated coal ash in seawater

The deterioration of sediments is a serious environmental problem. Controlling nutrient release fluxes from sediments is important to alleviating eutrophication and to reducing terrigenous nutrient loads. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phosphate removal performance of granulated coal ash (GCA) from seawater, which is produced from coal thermal electric power generation. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the removal kinetics of phosphate from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Phosphate was removed well from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The adsorption isotherm for phosphate revealed that GCA could remove phosphate effectively from seawater above a concentration of 1.7 μmol L⁻¹. GCA can reduce the concentration of phosphate in seawater effectively under anoxic conditions where iron type adsorbents cannot be applied. Therefore, GCA could potentially be used to adsorb phosphate in the organically-enriched sediment, which generally occurs under highly reductive conditions.