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11.
In situ strength measurements on natural upper-mantle minerals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Junji Yamamoto Jun-ichi Ando Hiroyuki Kagi Toru Inoue Akihiro Yamada Daisuke Yamazaki Tetsuo Irifune 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(5):249-257
Using in situ strength measurements at pressures up to 10 GPa and at room temperature, 400, 600, and 700°C, we examined rheological
properties of olivine, orthopyroxene, and chromian-spinel contained in a mantle-derived xenolith. Mineral strengths were estimated
using widths of X-ray diffraction peaks as a function of pressure, temperature, and time. Differential stresses of all minerals
increase with increasing pressure, but they decrease with increasing temperature because of elastic strain on compression
and stress relaxation during heating. During compression at room temperature, all minerals deform plastically at differential
stress of 4–6 GPa. During subsequent heating, thermally induced yielding is observed in olivine at 600°C. Neither orthopyroxene
nor spinel shows complete stress relaxation, but both retain some stress even at 700°C. The strength of the minerals decreases
in the order of chromian-spinel ≈ orthopyroxene > olivine for these conditions. This order of strength is consistent with
the residual pressure of fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths. 相似文献
12.
本文报道了1987年夏、冬两个航次在26°50′~32°30′N,124°30′~131°30′E海区中可溶性无机磷酸盐的调查结果,阐明了磷的分布特征和形成机制。结果表明陆架区表层测值较高,大洋区为低值区,底层则相反。大洋水常年分层,中层水有爬坡涌升现象,其浓度与Aou呈正相关,与pH和S呈负相关。夏、冬两季底层磷与Aou呈正相关,其浓度变化主要依赖于生物过程。 相似文献
13.
Shigenao Maruyama Koutaro Tsubaki Keisuke Taira Seigo Sakai 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(3):563-568
Deep seawater in the ocean contains a great deal of nutrients. Stommel et al. have proposed the notion of a “perpetual salt fountain” (Stommel et al., 1956). They noted the possibility of a permanent upwelling of deep seawater with no additional external energy source. If
we can cause deep seawater to upwell extensively, we can achieve an ocean farm. We have succeeded in measuring the upwelling
velocity by an experiment in the Mariana Trench area using a special measurement system. A 0.3 m diameter, 280 m long soft
pipe made of PVC sheet was used in the experiment. The measured data, a verification experiment, and numerical simulation
results, gave an estimate of upwelling velocity of 212 m/day.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
波浪波形的非接触测量近年来获得广泛的应用。本文以规则波为讨论对象,针对介质为空气的超声波测量方式进行波形测量误差分析,并结合实验室和实船试验进行对比分析。理论分析表明:在规则波取为坦谷波和STOKES波的前提下,超声波技术几乎产生相同的最大误差。定量分析表明,在对测量精度限制的条件下,对文中提及的各项参数应作有效的控制 相似文献
15.
This paper reports a study of the field measurements and monitoring of wastewater discharge in sea water at Bari East (Italy). A wastewater sea outfall system is an integral and fundamental part of each wastewater treatment with ultimate sink in the sea water. The design of a water treatment plant and wastewater outfall must take into account the use of the environmental water, the values of physicochemical parameters to be respected in order to safeguard the use itself and the quality of the environmental water where wastewater is issued. In the present study measurements of sea current velocity components were carried out with a VM-ADP (Vessel-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Profiler). Salinity, wind directions and velocities were assessed with, for one survey, the total faecal coliforms and other biochemical parameters. It was emphasized that the measurements necessary for monitoring cannot be concentrated in the wastewater outfall pipe zone only, but should be extended to a neighbouring area of the outfall pipe, with an extension depending on the wastewater discharge, the polluting charge and the magnitude of the sea currents and the winds typical of the zone of interest. The analyses presented in this paper confirm that the sea zones close to the wastewater outfall pipe are particularly sensitive and vulnerable. Such results must be considered in the planning of a wastewater outfall pipe. 相似文献
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18.
一种用磷酸钙法高效转染HEK 293T细胞方法的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用磷酸钙转染法将lacZ-pShuttle质粒导入HEK 293T细胞中,实验证明,pH值、DNA纯度、转染后培养时间和甘油休克时间是影响转染效率的重要因素.转染后培养6h进行甘油休克效果最佳,比培养0h直接进行休克转染效率升高584.4%;甘油休克时间为4.5min时转染效果最佳,比不用甘油休克转染效率升高130.8%.通过对影响转染的几个条件进行优化,建立了1种可以高效转染HEK 293T细胞的方法,且简便易行. 相似文献
19.
An experimental set-up is developed and proved to be effective for laboratory study of an underwater towed system. The experimental technique gives a practical method for monitoring the kinematic and dynamic performance of an underwater towed system in a ship towing tank. Both the theoretical and experimental results in the investigation indicate that the hydrodynamic response of a towed vehicle to the wave induced motion of a towing ship can be significantly reduced by applying a two-part tow method. A comparison of the numerical and experimental results in the investigation demonstrates that the numerical simulation results are close to the experimental data, overall agreement between experimental and theoretical results is satisfactory. The results qualitatively verify the mathematical model of a two-part underwater towed system proposed by Wu and Chwang [Wu, J., Chwang, A.T., 2000. A hydrodynamic model of a two-part underwater towed system. Ocean Engineering 27 (5), 455–472]. 相似文献
20.
沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本实验研究黄河口水文站沉积物对黄河水磷的吸附释放过程和东海111号站位沉积物对海水磷的吸附释放过程。并摸拟黄河沉积物在海水中磷的吸附释放过程。结果表明:底沉积物对磷的吸附相当迅速,无论是河泥还是海泥在24h内均能达到吸附平衡。吸附量与沉积物的量和水中原有磷的浓度有关,在不同的pH条件下,沉积物对磷的吸附是有显著差别的 相似文献