Low Mantle Perovskite: Solid Solution,Spin State of Iron and Water Solubility

Silicate perovskites((Mg, Fe)SiO 3 and CaS iO 3) are believed to be the major constituent minerals in the lower mantle. The phase relation, solid solution, spin state of iron and water solubility related to the lower mantle perovskite are of great effect on the geodynamics of the Earth's interior and on ore mineralization. Previous studies indicate that a large amount of iron coupled with aluminum can incorporate into magnesium perovskite, but this is discordant with the disproportionation of(Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite into iron-free MgS i O3 perovskite and hexagonal phase(Mg0.6Fe0.4)SiO 3 in the Earth's lower mantle. MnS iO 3 is the first chemical component confirmed to form wide range solid solution with Ca SiO 3 perovskite and complete solid solution with MgS i O3 perovskite at the P-T conditions in the lower mantle, and addition of Mn Si O3 will strongly affects the mutual solubility between Mg Si O3 and CaS iO 3. The spin state of iron is deeply depends on the site occupation of the Fe3+or Fe2+, the synthesis and the annealing conditions of the sample. It seems that the spin state of Fe2+ in the lower mantle perovskite can be settled as high spin, however, the existence of intermediate spin or low spin state of Fe2+ in perovskite has not been clarified. Moreover, different results have also been reported for the spin state of Fe3+ in perovskite. The water solubility of the lower mantle perovskite is related with its composition. In pure Mg SiO 3 perovskite, only less than 500 ppm water was reported. Al–Mg Si O3 perovskite or Al–Fe–MgS iO 3 perovskite in the lower mantle accommodates water of 1100 to 1800 ppm. Further experiments are necessary to clarify the detailed conditions for perovskite solid solution, to reliably analyze the valence and spin states of iron in the coexisting iron-bearing phases, and to compare the water solubility of different phases at different layers for deeply understanding the geodynamics of the Earth's interior and ore mineralization.     

硼酸溶液敞口酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定萤石中稀土元素

萤石中稀土元素的研究对揭示成矿物质来源、成矿流体的性质和矿床成因均具有十分重要的意义。传统的过氧化钠碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法可以解决萤石中稀土元素的测定问题,但过氧化钠提纯难度高,过程繁杂,不宜大量样品的处理,且待测溶液总盐度大易产生基体干扰等;常规的酸溶法因使用的试剂一般为硝酸和氢氟酸,这些酸均不与萤石的主要成分氟化钙发生反应而很少应用。本文基于氟化钙能溶于硫酸和硼酸,采用硼酸溶液(10%硫酸和25%盐酸介质)和氢氟酸处理样品,硝酸提取,引入103Rh和185Re双内标,建立了硼酸溶液敞口酸溶ICP-MS测定萤石中稀土元素的分析方法。相比于传统的过氧化钠碱熔方法,本方法采用的试剂纯度高,可以有效地降低空白,方法检出限为0.002~0.016μg/g,低于过氧化钠碱熔方法的检出限(0.006~0.058μg/g),回收率在94.0%~107.6%之间,方法精密度(RSD)为0.7%~2.7%。本方法配制的硼酸溶液能够有效地与萤石反应,可充分分解萤石样品,简化了样品处理流程,有效地控制了稀土元素的损失,数据可靠性高,适用于大量萤石样品的稀土元素分析。     

Vertical dynamic response of a pipe pile in saturated soil layer

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the vertical time-harmonic response of a pipe pile embedded in a viscoelastic saturated soil layer. The wave propagation in the saturated soil is simulated by Biot’s 3D poroelastic theory and that in the pipe pile is simulated by 1D elastodynamic theory. Potential functions are applied to decouple the governing equations of the soil. The analytical solutions of the outer and inner soil in frequency domain are obtained by the method of separation of variables. The vertical response of the pipe pile is then obtained based on the continuity assumption of the displacement and stress between the pipe pile and both the outer and inner soil. The solution is compared with existing solutions to verify the validity. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics of the pile.     

Analytical solution of undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in saturated soil under anisotropic initial stress

This paper presents an analytical solution for undrained elasto-plastic cylindrical cavity expansion in saturated soil under anisotropic initial stress. The problem is formulated by assuming small-strain deformation in the elastic zone and large-strain deformation in the plastic zone. Plastic yielding is determined by the Tresca failure criterion and an associated flow rule. Two stress functions are used to describe the stress state in the two zones around the cavity. The elasto-plastic boundary can subsequently be determined by solving the two stress functions under the stress boundary conditions. Additionally, the cavity pressure-expansion relationship, the total stress and the excess pore pressure around the cavity wall under anisotropic initial stress can be easily obtained by application of a numerical integration. The results show that the cavity pressure and excess pore pressure under the isotropic initial total stress (K = 1) are larger than those under the anisotropic initial stress (K > 1 and K < 1), which is true at all states of the expansion. The higher value of K develops lower stress and pore pressure around the cavity wall at the ultimate states. However, the stress and excess pore pressure are not sensitive to the value of K. The present solution may be used for analyzing the uplift capacity of plate anchors in soils and Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) problems such as the tunneling, and pipeline installation.     

水溶液中溶质的扩散同位素分馏研究

稳定同位素分析是判定水溶液中溶质的组成、来源、迁移和转化过程与规律的重要工具,在自由扩散等物理化学作用下,对溶质的同位素分馏研究是稳定同位素技术应用的重要基础.本研究介绍了溶质的扩散过程与其同位素分馏效应之间的联系,论述了研究溶质扩散过程中引入的稳定同位素分馏现象的意义,描述了水溶液中溶质扩散的不同模拟实验方法及相关研...     

新一代天气雷达CINRAD/CC接收系统典型故障分析与处理

分析CINRAD/CC雷达接收系统工作原理,给出了CINRAD/CC雷达接收系统关键点参数表,介绍了雷达接收系统常用的故障分析方法,通过对接收系统故障现象、故障原因分析,归纳总结出6类接收系统典型故障及其处理方法.随着雷达使用年限的增加,雷达设备故障率也在增加,而故障维修工作纷繁复杂,这就需要把雷达故障进行总结、分类,同一种类型的故障对应相应故障处理方法,这样就能大大提高雷达维修的时效性.     

2011年1月安徽安庆M_S4.8地震震源区三维速度结构与发震构造讨论

2011年1月19日安徽安庆发生Ms4.8地震,本次地震发生在下扬子地块长江沿线前陆变形带.震后现场工作队调查汇总了建筑物破坏情况,计算得出较为精确的烈度分布.采用FOCMEC方法计算了主震震源机制解,并利用安徽地震台网对本次地震主余震的定位结果,结合地震层析成像技术对震源区地壳三维速度结构的成像结果进行分析,同时参考烈度分布的椭圆长轴优势方向,得出NE向的宿松-枞阳断裂可能是本次地震的发震断层的结论.     

Analytical solutions for consolidation aided by vertical drains

Soil disturbance caused during the installation of vertical drains reduces the in situ hydraulic conductivity of soft deposits in the immediate vicinity of the drains, resulting in a slower rate of consolidation than would be expected in the absence of disturbance. Experimental investigations have revealed the existence of two distinct zones, a smear zone and a transition zone, within the disturbed zone around the vertical drain. The degree of change in the hydraulic conductivity in the smear and transition zones is difficult to assess without performing of laboratory tests. Based on the available literature, four different profiles of hydraulic conductivity versus distance from the vertical drain were identified. Closed-form solutions for the rate of consolidation for each of these four hydraulic conductivity profiles were developed. It is found that different variations of the hydraulic conductivity profiles in the disturbed zone result in different rates of consolidation.     

Method of initial parameters for laterally loaded piles embedded in layered soils

The method of initial parameters (MIP) was originally developed to solve the problem of a beam on an elastic foundation with applied concentrated forces along the span, which introduce discontinuities in the mathematical formulation of the problem. MIP is modified in this paper so that it can be used for solving the problem of a laterally loaded pile with discontinuities due to soil layering along the length of the pile. In this paper, the basis of MIP is outlined, and its use to find the deflection, slope, bending moment and shear force of laterally loaded piles is illustrated. Example problems of laterally loaded piles embedded in multi-layered soil media are provided.     

New class of solutions for water infiltration problems in unsaturated soils

This paper presents the results of approximate analytical solutions to Richards' equation, which governs the problem of unsaturated flow in porous media. The existing methods generally fall within the category of numerical and analytical methods, often having many restrictions for practical situations. In the present study, two approximate analytical methods known as the differential transform method (DTM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM) were employed to find analytical solutions to Richards' equation. The methods were found to be robust in finding solutions practically identical to those from the existing analytical and numerical methods. Two representative examples were considered in order to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions obtained by DTM and HPM, revealing high level of accuracy in both cases.