井内嵌入同轴多孔与固体圆柱地下水渗流流型分析

对二维无限大多孔介质内单向均匀水平流垂直绕过“固体小圆柱-多孔介质环-水环-多孔介质”复杂四层结构下的流场进行了解析求解。内、外多孔介质区域均采用Brinkman模型,纯流体水环采用Stokes模型,通过耦合界面间的质量、动量守恒关系得到了各区域流函数的通用表达式。在此基础上分析了不同几何参数,不同内、外多孔介质渗透系数情况下,圆柱外绕流的流型变化;着重研究了水环间隙以及内、外多孔介质渗透系数的变化对流型及横向、纵向速度分布的影响。结果表明：外部多孔区流型主要受控于外部渗透系数;水环间隙宽度对水环内速度峰值影响较大;内部渗透系数增加到某一临界值情况下,横截面速度分布从阶梯形变为抛物形,即“穿透”现象。研究结果对有类似结构的地埋管换热器、地下水污染物吸收装置、地下水测速装置等的设计研发有理论指导意义。     

Numerical study of nonlinear freak wave impact underneath a fixed horizontal deck in 2-D space

Freak waves are extreme and unexpected surface waves with huge wave heights that may lead to severe damage to ships and offshore structures. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate the impact underneath fixed horizontal decks caused by freak waves. To study these phenomena, a 2-D numerical wave tank is built in which nonlinear freak waves based on the Peregrine breather solution are generated. As a validation, a regular-wave-induced underneath impact is simulated and compared to the existing experimental measurements. Then the nonlinear freak-wave-induced impact is investigate with different values of deck clearance above the mean free surface. In addition, a comparative simulation of a “large” regular wave based on the 2nd-order Stokes wave theory with the same crest height and wave length of the nonlinear freak wave is carried out to reveal the unique features of the nonlinear freak-wave-induced impact. By applying a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) algorithm in which the bottom deck and front side wall are simplified as Euler beams in 2-D and discretized by the finite element method (FEM), the hydroelastic effects are considered during the impact event. The vertical force acting underneath the bottom deck, the transversal force acting on the front side wall, the structural displacements of the elastic deck and wall are analyzed and discussed respectively, from which meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

日本海-鄂霍次克海下俯冲带的应力状态及其深部形变

通过地震分布及地震机制解所反映的日本海-鄂霍次克海俯冲带的形态及应力状态,研究了俯冲带深部形变及650km间断面的穿透问题.日本海Benioff带较直,连续性较好;鄂霍次克海Benioff带弯度稍大,220-320km深度之间地震很少.两俯冲带在浅部及深部地震密集,100-200km深度之间有双地震层.应力状态随深度变化,200km深度以下P,T轴方向相对集中,P轴接近俯冲方向,在约100-200km深度附近,P,T轴均接近俯冲方向.观测和理论地震图拟合分析表明,地震断层面走向接近俯冲带走向,断裂的结果使俯冲带在深部倾角变小.     

2004年阳江4.9级地震破裂方位角研究

在一维有限移动震源模式下,根据地震波传播过程中的多普勒效应利用S波或P波拐角频率的方向性来确定地震破裂面的方法,计算了2003年11月~2005年10月阳江地区13次ML≥2.5地震的发震断层走向,结果显示:利用S波、P波拐角频率得到的2004年9月阳江4.9级地震破裂方位角分别为167°和166°,地震序列以NNW为主要破裂方向。     

常系数非齐次微分方程特解的算子解法和注释

本文对常系数非齐次微分方程特解的算子解法进行了比较系统地论证和归纳,并对某些问题作了必要的注释。     

Load–settlement behavior of rock-socketed drilled shafts using Osterberg-Cell tests

Osterberg-Cell (O-Cell) tests are widely used to predict the load–settlement behavior of large-diameter drilled shafts socketed in rock. The loading direction of O-Cell tests for shaft resistance is opposite to that of conventional downward load tests, meaning that the equivalent top load–settlement curve determined by the summation of the mobilized shaft resistance and end bearing at the same deflection neglects the pile-toe settlement caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft. The emphasis is on quantifying the effect of coupled shaft resistance, which is closely related to the ratios of pile diameter to soil modulus (D/E_s) and total shaft resistance to total applied load (R_s/Q) in rock-socketed drilled shafts, using the coupled load-transfer method. The proposed analytical method, which takes into account the effect of coupled shaft resistance, was developed using a modified Mindlin’s point load solution. Through comparisons with field case studies, it was found that the proposed method reasonably estimated the load-transfer behavior of piles and coupling effects due to the transfer of shaft shear loading. These results represent a significant improvement in the prediction of load–settlement behaviors of drilled shafts subjected to bi-directional loading from the O-Cell test.     

Analytical solutions for consolidation aided by vertical drains

Soil disturbance caused during the installation of vertical drains reduces the in situ hydraulic conductivity of soft deposits in the immediate vicinity of the drains, resulting in a slower rate of consolidation than would be expected in the absence of disturbance. Experimental investigations have revealed the existence of two distinct zones, a smear zone and a transition zone, within the disturbed zone around the vertical drain. The degree of change in the hydraulic conductivity in the smear and transition zones is difficult to assess without performing of laboratory tests. Based on the available literature, four different profiles of hydraulic conductivity versus distance from the vertical drain were identified. Closed-form solutions for the rate of consolidation for each of these four hydraulic conductivity profiles were developed. It is found that different variations of the hydraulic conductivity profiles in the disturbed zone result in different rates of consolidation.     

2012年新疆新源、和静交界MS6.6地震前后震源机制解一致性参数变化特征

基于新疆地震台网中心自2009年1月—2013年5月的波形数据,利用CAP方法和P波初动方法计算2012年6月30日新疆新源、和静交界M_S6.6地震周围(81°~89° E,42°~45° N)共418次中小地震震源机制解,反演其一致性参数Var的空间分布特征。结果表明:震中附近一致性参数Var在震前呈低值,震后恢复正常;震前最大主应力P轴方位角与主震基本一致,震后恢复到历史平均水平。     

碳酸钠浸取一紫外荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量铀

地质样品经HF-HNO_3-HCl-HClO_4溶解后,用50 g/L碳酸钠溶液浸取分离,采用紫外荧光光谱法直接测定上清液的铀含量。浸取时间选择30 min,Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn等元素留在残渣中不产生干扰。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为3．37%～7．06%,检出限为0．009μg/g(进样量100μL)。方法参加区域地球化学考核样品的测试,合格率100%,适用于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石及Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn含量较高的样品中痕量铀的测定。     

460铀钼矿床综合回收初步研究

460铀钼矿床综合回收是采用铀钼矿样和钼矿样分别浸出→固液分离→两种浸出液混合→萃取和反萃取铀钼→分别精制铀钼产品的水冶工艺流程。铀钼矿的铀钼浸出率分别达到90%和75%以上,钼矿样钼的浸出率达70%以上,取得了稳定的工艺参数;铀钼分离取得了较好的结果,制出了合格的铀、钼产品。