Shake‐table tests of a three‐story reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill walls

This paper presents the shake‐table tests of a 2/3‐scale, three‐story, two‐bay, reinforced concrete frame infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. The specimen is representative of the construction practice in California in the 1920s. The reinforced concrete frame had nonductile reinforcement details and it was infilled with solid masonry walls in one bay and infill walls with window openings in the other bay. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including white‐noise base excitations and 14 scaled historical earthquake ground motion records of increasing intensity. The performance of the structure was satisfactory considering the seismic loads it was subjected to. The paper summarizes the design of the specimen and the major findings from the shake‐table tests, including the dynamic response, the load resistance, the evolution of damage, and the final failure mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The response of braided planform configuration to flow variations,bed reworking and vegetation: the case of the Tagliamento River,Italy

Morphological features of braided rivers (bars, channels and pools) experience major changes in area, shape and spatial distribution as a response to (i) the pulsation of discharge during a flood and (ii) the bed evolution induced by floods. In this work, at‐a‐station relationships between water level and planform configuration were investigated on the Tagliamento River, a large gravel‐bed braided river in northeast Italy, over a 2‐year study period comprising three bankfull events and several small‐to‐medium floods. The analysis was performed on two 1‐km‐long reaches, characterized by different riparian vegetation cover. Ground‐based images with an hourly temporal resolution were acquired using software‐controlled, digital cameras. Bars, channels, pools and vegetated patches were manually digitized on more than 100 rectified images. Sequences of constant‐level images spanning the study period were used to quantify the impact of floods on the stability of at‐a‐station relationships and on the turnover rate of water bodies. The analysis shows that wetted area increased almost linearly with water level in both reaches. The average number of branches per cross‐section peaked at intermediate flow levels, increasing from 2 at low flow up to 6–7. The number of branches displayed the largest fluctuations over time, with significant changes produced also by moderate floods. Turnover rates were high in both reaches, with more than 30% of wetted areas at low flow converting into bare gravel in less than 2 months. Vegetation colonization was found to limit the mobility of the low flow channels over time by concentrating the flow in fewer, deeper anabranches. The number of channels per cross‐section was 30–40% less in the vegetated reach and the proportion of low flow water bodies in the same position after 12 months increased from 3% to 14%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

核电工程应用隔震技术的可行性探讨

本文旨在观察和分析有关基底隔震技术在核电工程中应用的相关问题,重点讨论如何将此类已经相当成熟的技术应用于核电这一类十分特殊、十分重要、十分敏感而又十分复杂的工程中.文中指出隔震技术有很多优点,可以整体改进核电工程的安全性和可靠性,有利于促进未来核电厂设计和建造的标准化,缩短建设时间,降低建厂的初始投资和生命周期中的运行...     

型钢混凝土剪力墙抗震性能影响参数研究

型钢混凝土剪力墙是一种广泛应用于高层混合结构中的剪力墙形式。本文采用通用有限元程序ADINA,以边缘构件含钢率为主要参数,对不同剪跨比的几组剪力墙承载力和变形能力进行了分析,并与考虑了剪力墙混凝土等级、轴压比、配筋率和边缘约束指标等参数影响的剪力墙性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,在高层结构中采用较高强度的混凝土是有利的,但剪力墙的轴压比需要严格限制,且墙体配筋率并不是提高其抗震性能的有效手段。在高层混合结构剪力墙中,通过边缘构件设置型钢可有效增加墙体延性,且边缘约束构件的约束指标可取0.32左右。     

地下结构抗震计算地基弹簧系数取值方法研究

荷载-结构模型是地下结构抗震计算中常采用的模型,模型中地基弹簧系数的确定是关键。为了简便、可靠地计算地基弹簧系数,在已有基床系数计算公式的基础上,建立了地基弹簧系数的经验计算公式,以有限元分析结果为数据基础,对公式的系数进行拟合,将公式拓展用于成层土体。选取算例验证了建议公式的合理性和准确性,分别采用建议公式、日本抗震准则公式以及有限元法计算了某地铁区间站结构的地基弹簧系数,并对在此基础上计算所得的地震作用下结构的内力进行了对比分析。     

云南水氡群体异常特征

采用非均匀度方法,分别提取滇西北、滇中北、滇西南、滇东南和滇东北地区水氡观测资料的地震前兆群体异常。结果表明,该方法能满足水氡观测点所在地区成组中强地震的中、短临预报要求;且该方法能自动识别异常,排除人为主观影响,便于在其他震区进行预报效能检验。     

GFRP筋混凝土梁耐火性能的试验研究

进行了4根GFRP筋混凝土简支梁在ISO834标准升温曲线下的火灾实验,试件依据ACI440.1R-06进行截面设计,分别考虑了不同荷载比、保护层厚度、端部锚固方式对梁耐火性能的影响。试验结果表明,GFRP筋混凝土梁在火灾中的裂纹开展深度较传统的钢筋混凝土结构明显偏大。由于GFRP筋横向膨胀大更易造成梁底混凝土的开裂与剥落,建议在满足纵筋锚固性能要求的前提下,尽量减少端部J型锚固筋。GFRP筋在高温下的材料性能衰减严重,合理的设计保护层厚度和限制GFRP筋的使用内力,可使GFRP筋混凝土梁的耐火性能满足实际工程的需要。     

多国钢结构抗火规范关于受弯构件计算方法的比较与分析

为了研究受弯构件的抗火性能,及对国内外目前的受弯构件抗火设计方法有一个系统的了解,介绍了中国、美国、欧洲、英国和澳大利亚的钢结构抗火设计规范关于受弯构件的计算方法,并对它们的区别和联系进行了分析。设计了一个算例,分别采用不同的规范计算了其临界温度和耐火极限。经对比分析表明:各国规范的计算结果差别较大,相同条件下,澳大利亚规范计算得出的临界温度较低;无防火保护层时,英国规范计算得出的耐火极限较高,而有保护层时,美国规范计算得出的耐火极限较低。     

地下城市综合管廊的抗火构造与消防设计

综合管廊作为现代化城市的基础设施,能够从根本上解决管线埋设或架立引起的挖掘道路、影响交通、破坏景观等问题。提高道路和公用管线的管理水平,有效利用地下空间,提高防灾能力,是现代化都市的必然要求。本文从管廊的构造、抗火设计要求、管线布置、消防系统等方面出发,对地下城市综合管廊的设计提出了一些具体的建议。     

海南农村民居抗震性能调查与研究

海南农村民居以砌体结构为主,具有门窗开口大、层高较高和整体性强等特点.为了研究分析这类民居的抗震性能与抗震对策,在收集大量当地农村民居样本的基础上,综合出典型结构模型,并对该典型模型及基于该模型的隔震模型和加强结构模型分别进行了模拟地震振动台试验.试验结果表明:隔震技术能明显降低结构地震反应,在高烈度地区应适当推广和运用.原结构模型基本满足7.5度设防标准.在8度大震作用下,结构遭遇严重破坏但未倒塌,说明其具有一定的抗倒塌能力.结构加固后,整体抗震性能得到了加强.结合试验结果,给出了相应对策与建议.