无网格数值方法在结构物水动力研究中的应用

运用一种移动粒子半隐式法建立无网格水流数值模型,探讨该模型在结构物水动力特性研究中的可能性。在无网格条件下,粒子间的相互作用通过核子函数来表示,并通过建立物理量光滑模型、梯度模型和二阶导数模型来离散控制方程。流体的不可压缩性是通过引入粒子数密度概念实现的。该方法不受流体变形程度和固边界形状的限制,因而具有特定的适应性。运用该模型模拟了水柱倒塌后有无透空块体两种情况下右端直墙上的压力过程。计算结果表明透空块体可使直墙压力减小42%。     

Wave run-up on a coaxial perforated circular cylinder

This paper describes a plane regular wave interaction with a combined cylinder which consists of a solid inner column and a coaxial perforated outer cylinder.The outer perforated surface is a thin porous cylinder with an annular gap between it and the inner cylinder.The non-linear boundary condition at the perforated wall is a prime focus in the study;energy dissipation at the perforated wall occurs through the resistance to the fluid across the perforated wall.Explicit analytical formulae are presented to calculate the wave run-up on the outer and inner surfaces of the perforated cylinder and the surface of the inner column.The theoretical results of the wave run-up are compared with previous experimental data.Numerical results have also been obtained:when the ratio of the annular gap between the two cylinders to incident wavelength(b-a)/L≤0.1,the wave run-up on the inner surface of the perforated cylinder and the surface of inner column can partially or completely exceed the incident wave height.     

Hydraulic performance and wave loadings of perforated/slotted coastal structures: A review

This paper reviews recent progress in the study of perforated/slotted breakwaters, with an emphasis on two main groups of such breakwaters: (1) perforated/slotted breakwaters with impermeable back walls, and (2) perforated/slotted breakwaters without a back-wall. The methods commonly used to simulate the interactions between such structures and various linear/nonlinear waves are summarized. The transmission and reflection characteristics of perforated/slotted breakwaters in these two groups are reviewed extensively. Several methods for calculating wave forces on perforated caissons are also reviewed. Some recent works published in Chinese journals, which are generally not well-known to non-Chinese researchers, are reviewed with a hope that these works can be beneficial to other researchers working in this area.     

双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤反射特性的理论与试验研究

双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤具有低反射、结构受力小、适宜较大水深和工程造价低等优点。为明确双消浪室局部开孔沉箱水动力特性的主要影响因素,采用理论分析和物理模型试验相结合的方法,对规则波和不规则波作用下双消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤的反射特性进行研究。基于势流理论,建立规则波和不规则波对局部开孔沉箱防波堤作用的三维解析解,采用二次压力损失边界条件考虑沉箱开孔墙对波浪运动的影响,利用周期性边界条件考虑防波堤结构沿长度方向的周期性变化。开展相应规则波和不规则波物理模型试验,验证理论模型的合理性。通过算例分析,研究不同波浪要素和结构参数对防波堤反射特性的影响。研究表明:双消浪室局部开孔沉箱相对消浪室宽度取值为0.08~0.20,沉箱前墙开孔率大于后墙开孔率时,防波堤在较大波浪频率范围内消波效果显著;当前后墙的开孔率相等时,防波堤反射系数的最小值随着开孔率增大而减小。     

联合支护技术在深基坑支护中的应用

郑州市花园路一基坑支护工程,由于场地周边环境的复杂性和基坑深度范围内软弱土体的存在,护坡桩、预应力锚索、花管桩及桩前被动区土体加固等技术的联合应用,确保了17～20 m深基坑壁及周边已有建筑的安全稳定,尤其是采用的高压一次成型锚索施工技术,解决了水位以下粉土及软弱土体成孔困难、锚索质量问题较多的情况。     

花管复合土钉墙支护在基坑中的应用

随着城市空间的不断拓展,城市周边用于各种垃圾回填的的场地逐渐被开发利用,而采用传统意义上的支护方式往往难以满足经济和工期上的要求,且存在一定风险。本文以北京市海淀区西三旗居住及商业项目基坑支护工程为例,根据拟建筑物基坑回填深度大、成分复杂的实际情况,针对性采用花管复合土钉墙技术的施工工艺,现场试验和监测结结果表明,该工艺达到了预期目标。希望通过此次项目设计和施工,为类似地层的基坑支护提供参考。     

开孔沉箱在斜向入射波作用下受力研究

应用透空壁内流体速度与壁两侧的压力差成正比的线性模型,研究了斜向波与无限多个开孔沉箱的相互作用.依照结构物的几何形状,把整个流域分成无限多个子域,在每个子域内应用特征函数展开法对速度势进行展开.对于沉箱内的波浪运动,引入相位差概念;在构造反射波模型时,考虑了结构物的几何形状影响.列举出物理模型实验结果与数值实验结果的比较,可以看出两者吻合较好.进一步的数值计算验证表明,当孔隙系数无限大时,开孔墙前后的速度非常接近.在低频入射波作用下,垂直于沉箱的水平力随角度的变大而减小,平行于沉箱排列方向的力则变大.     

Experimental Study of Perforated Caisson Breakwater

This paper describes the design of a perforated caisson breakwater and presents the results of model test. Tests with regular and irregular waves have demonstrated that the perforated caisson breakwater has the advantages of low reflection coefficient, good wave-absorbing performance, relatively small wave height in front of the breakwater, and small amount of overtopping. Analyses have been made of the coefficient of reflection, wave height in front of the breakwater, and wave overtopping. Relevant figures and tables are presented for reference.     

明基床上开孔沉箱稳定性试验研究

通过水槽内规则波以及不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱的稳定性试验,分析研究了三种基床高度上开孔沉箱的稳定性与相对基床高度、消浪室相对宽度、相对水深、波陡以及开孔率等因素间的相关关系,并利用最小二乘法给出开孔沉箱最小自重与其影响因素间的拟合公式,同时将计算值与试验值进行比较,二者吻合较好,试验结果可供工程设计参考应用。     

开孔沉箱与斜向波作用的理论研究和实验验证

应用透空壁内流体速度与壁两侧的压力差成正比的线性模型,研究了无限多个开孔沉箱在斜向波作用下的反射问题。整个流域被分成无限多个子域,在每个子域内应用特征函数展开法对速度势进行展开。对于沉箱内的波浪运动,根据沉箱位置引入相位差概念。在构造反射波模型时,考虑了结构物几何形状周期性的影响。结果表明,当孔隙系数无限大时,开孔墙前后的速度非常接近,反射系数符合能量守恒定律。在低频入射波作用下,沉箱越短,其反射系数越小,反射系数随着角度的变大而减小。