Hg对锦州湾表层沉积物异养细菌代谢酶活性的影响研究

为了解重金属Hg对锦州湾海域表层沉积物中异养细菌的主要代谢酶的影响,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对锦州湾表层沉积物中重金属Hg开展潜在生态风险评价,利用平板扩散法测定了9个站位沉积物中异养细菌四种水解酶活性。结果显示:锦州湾海域表层沉积物中重金属污染严重,Hg的含量和潜在生态危害河口最为严重,向外逐步递减,表明本海域表层沉积物中的Hg主要由陆源输入;表层沉积物中异养细菌水解酶活性与抗性异养菌比例均表现为西南部河口区高于东北部外海海域,与重金属Hg的含量分布及Hakanson潜在生态危害指数基本相似,这表明长期高浓度的重金属污染,改变了锦州湾海域表层沉积物中的异养菌的生理代谢过程,在生理或遗传物质上对重金属产生了一定的抗性;磷酸酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶与沉积物中Hg的含量具有显著正相关性,说明其对重金属Hg较为敏感,在一定程度上可作为反映锦州湾海域沉积物中重金属Hg污染状况的生物学指标。     

寒旱环境盐胁迫条件下两种草本植物的根系力学特性研究

本项研究选取适宜于西宁盆地及其周边地区生长的2种优势草本植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb)和细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum (Linn.) Gaertn.)作为供试种,通过室内种植培育方式,采用浓度梯度分别为50mmol/L、100mmol/L、150mmol/L、200mmol/L的Na₂SO₄溶液对2种植物进行盐胁迫处理。在盐胁迫试验处理后的第15d、30d和45d时,分别测定2种植物单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度。试验结果表明：相同盐胁迫浓度时,2种植物单根抗拉力随生长期增长呈逐渐增大,单根抗拉强度随生长期增加表现为逐渐降低的变化规律;相同生长期时,2种植物单根抗拉力随着胁迫液浓度由0mmol/L增加至200mmol/L时表现为逐渐减小趋势,单根抗拉强度则随着胁迫液浓度增加呈逐渐增大的变化规律;进一步研究表明,在相同胁迫浓度和相同生长期条件下,细茎冰草单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度分别较垂穗披碱草高0.008N~0.025N和9.646MPa~72.807MPa;2种草本植物单根抗拉力与根径之间呈指数函数关系;2种草本单根抗拉强度分别随根径的增加而逐渐减小,且均与根径呈幂函数关系。本该研究成果对于进一步探讨寒旱环境盐胁迫条件下,草本植物根系力学强度特征及其变化规律具有重要理论研究价值,同时对于有效防治研究区水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害的发生具有实际指导意义。     

径向射流技术对断层产状探测定位的应用研究

目前,径向射流孔的长度可达百米,使该技术在矿井防治水方面具有了一定的实际应用价值。2015年在邢台矿采用该技术对断层的产状进行了探测,对其在断层产状探测、定位方面的应用进行了研究。通过对在砂质泥岩、铝土岩、本溪组灰岩、奥陶系灰岩中的射流压力、遇阻过程及其他异常状况的综合分析,得出了径向射流技术在断层产状探测时,适用地层岩性主要为灰岩,断层两盘岩性不同时径向射流探测结果准确的结论。     

浅谈挤密碎石桩的施工方法

挤密碎石桩施工法是一种振动成桩法,即先用桩管振动成孔,然后填入足够数量的碎石,最后振动密实成桩体。通过振动、挤密的成桩过程,将原地基土振动夯实,桩体与桩间土形成复合地基,达到既处理可液化地基又增强地基的效果。介绍了挤密碎石柱的施工方法和质量检测方法。     

诱导剂OS对切花百合病害及生理生化指标的影响

为了增强切花百合在生长繁殖过程中的抗病性,本研究利用壳聚糖（oligosaccharide ,OS）50 mg·L-1、、100 mg·L-1、300 mg·L-1 、500 mg·L-1,浸泡切花百合种球根部与鳞片,通过田间种植和鳞片包埋两个试验,测定其生长指标,POD、PAL、PPO等防御酶活性以及病情指数。结果表明,各种浓度的壳聚糖处理百合后,植株叶片防御酶活性增加,病情降低,株高、茎粗等生长性状得到改善,鳞片发子球率增加,病害减少。其中经OS 300 mg·L-1处理的百合在各个生理生化指标以及抗病性上明显高于对照,而且其他浓度均未对切花百合产生药害,说明壳聚糖是一种对切花百合效果较好的诱导剂。     

Model Test of Sand Restraining Force on Pipeline

This paper describes the model tests for determining the axial friction and the lateral resistance of sand to pipeline by using fine sand and prototype pipeline, and the calculation method based on limit analysis theory is verified. The effect of cyclic loading is considered in the test.     

Predicting the effect of biofouling on ship resistance using CFD

This paper proposes a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based unsteady RANS model which enables the prediction of the effect of marine coatings and biofouling on ship resistance and presents CFD simulations of the roughness effects on the resistance and effective power of the full-scale 3D KRISO Container Ship (KCS) hull.Initially, a roughness function model representing a typical coating and different fouling conditions was developed by using the roughness functions given in the literature. This model then was employed in the wall-function of the CFD software and the effects of a typical as applied coating and different fouling conditions on the frictional resistance of flat plates representing the KCS were predicted for a design speed of 24 knots and a slow steaming speed of 19 knots using the proposed CFD model. The roughness effects of such conditions on the resistance components and effective power of the full-scale 3D KCS model were then predicted at the same speeds. The resulting frictional resistance values of the present study were then compared with each other and with results obtained using the similarity law analysis. The increase in the effective power of the full-scale KCS hull was predicted to be 18.1% for a deteriorated coating or light slime whereas that due to heavy slime was predicted to be 38% at a ship speed of 24 knots. In addition, it was observed that the wave resistance and wave systems are significantly affected by the hull roughness and hence viscosity.     

拦沙环工程抗风蚀性能研究

拦沙环治沙是一种新的治沙、防沙、抗风蚀技术。其利用风沙搬运功能, 将拦截到的沙子筑成拦沙大坝, 并且不断提升和拦截, 从而实现以沙治沙目的。通过在野外风沙环境风洞内, 对不同尺寸规格的拦沙环在不同风速条件下进行测试。并计算积沙量、观察和分析其拦沙效应、抗风蚀性能, 从而最终得出该技术可行性的结论。     

深海资料浮标体及系泊系统的阻力试验研究

本文结合国家“七五”重点科技攻关项目“深海资料浮标”研制而进行浮标体和系泊系统的各种阻力试验研究，试验成果已直接应用于深海资料浮标系泊系统设计。实践表明本文介绍的各种阻力试验结果是可靠的。     

An Experimental Study on A Trapezoidal Pendulum Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves

Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height, the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0?1.2 s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency was 39.4%.