山东省重要矿种成矿系列成矿谱系研究

以陈毓川院士“矿床成矿系列”理论为指导,以全省煤、油页岩、铁、铜、铅、锌、铝、金、银、钼、稀土、硫、萤石、重晶石、菱镁矿、钾、磷、金刚石、石膏、石墨、滑石、水泥用灰岩、膨润土等23个重要矿种为基础,辅以其他矿种,从山东省区域地质构造环境与区域成矿作用关系研究划分全省重要矿种成矿系列;按照鲁西陆块、胶北陆块和胶南-威海造山带构造单元建立全省区域成矿谱系,以揭示全省在不同地质历史时期、不同区域地质构造环境下成矿作用的时空演化关系。     

中国区域产业演化路径——基于技术关联性与技术复杂性的研究

论文基于技术关联性与技术复杂性划分出4类区域产业演化路径,利用2000—2016年中国海关进出口贸易数据库,集成不同类型新产业识别方法,在分析中国出口产业空间格局演变基础上重点研究了不同地区产业演化路径存在的差异及变化趋势。研究发现：① 中国出口产业经历了空间分散化过程。2000—2016年中国出口产业首先由粤闽地区向长三角核心城市和山东省等地转移,再向长三角外围城市、中西部省会城市和江西省等地转移。② 中国区域产业演化以路径依赖型为主,但发达地区有更强路径突破性。2000—2016年路径依赖型新产业占新产业总数的70%左右,路径突破型新产业占30%左右。中国东部沿海发达城市和中西部省会城市产业演化更具路径突破性,中西部普通地级市更具路径依赖性。③ 不论是路径依赖型产业分化还是路径突破型产业创生,新产业不必然具有更高技术复杂度。在路径依赖型新产业中,约一半的技术复杂度高于其在位母产业。在路径突破型新产业中,约2/3的技术复杂度高于城市平均水平。④ 不同地区产业演化路径存在较大差异,东部发达地区发展出更多路径突破型新产业,并且新产业技术复杂度高于城市平均水平;中西部普通地级市多充分利用现有知识与技术发展技术复杂度更低的新产业。从变化趋势来看,东部沿海地区路径突破且技术复杂度提高型新产业逐步增多,中西部普通地级市路径依赖且技术复杂度降低型新产业一直占有较高比重。因此,中国政府亟需制定政策推动中西部普通地级市产业发展的路径突破。     

中国电子机械制造业产品内出口贸易空间布局

电子机械制造业产品在中国对外贸易中占有重要地位,以产品内贸易视角研究其出口空间布局有助于剖析中国出口体系结构特征。在区分中间、最终产品,一般、加工贸易的前提下,本文观察了出口所在地和目的国两个维度中国电子机械制造业产品出口企业空间布局,并基于技术关联探讨了其动态演化的驱动因素。结果如下:①在全国层面,除加工贸易最终产品外,一般贸易中间产品、加工贸易中间产品和一般贸易最终产品与某地产品结构的技术关联程度越高,对应的出口企业越可能到该地进行出口。在东部地区,上述关系在4类产品中均存在,而在中部和西部地区,其只存在于一般贸易产品。②一般贸易产品与某国从中国进口的产品结构技术关联程度越高,对应企业越倾向于出口到该国。但依据收入水平将目的国分组后,这种促进关系在高收入国家中不存在。加工贸易产品出口企业目的国布局与对应技术关联程度无明显关系。     

On the advantage of sharing a holdfast: effects of density and occurrence of kin aggregation in the kelp Lessonia berteroana

We investigated the density‐dependent and genetic relatedness that regulate the occurrence of inter‐individual (genet) fusion forming plurigenotypic organisms in the brown alga Lessonia berteroana. Recruitment generally occurs at high densities in the inter‐tidal, allowing contact of neighbouring holdfasts as they grow and expand on the substrate. Algal density, by contrast, is regulated by the effects of herbivory and wave impact, which often lead to low holdfast density. Herein, we investigated whether the occurrence of plurigenotypic organisms and their genotypic composition (number of genotypes per plurigenotypic organism) are density dependent and affected by kin selection in the inter‐tidal kelp L. berteroana. Four microsatellite loci were used to analyse DNA from 260 samples obtained from shared and non‐shared holdfasts, at two sites with high and two site with low holdfast density. Analyses showed that fusions forming plurigenotypic organisms are extremely common. Interestingly, the frequency of fusions was higher in low‐density sites, in which 100% of the plants had at least two genotypes and the average was 3.5. In high‐density sites, 62% of plants were plurigenotypic, with an average of 2.8 genotypes per plant. Additionally, we found that genotypes that shared a holdfast had a significantly higher genetic relatedness than the average in the population, compatible with a kin structure. Density dependence and kin structure suggest that the occurrence of plurigenotypic organisms is linked to environmental quality, and that kin or multilevel selection may be favouring the fusion of genetically related genets.     

山东省重要矿种成矿系列成矿谱系研究

以陈毓川院士"矿床成矿系列"理论为指导,以全省煤、油页岩、铁、铜、铅、锌、铝、金、银、钼、稀土、硫、萤石、重晶石、菱镁矿、钾、磷、金刚石、石膏、石墨、滑石、水泥用灰岩、膨润土等23个重要矿种为基础,辅以其他矿种,从山东省区域地质构造环境与区域成矿作用关系研究划分全省重要矿种成矿系列;按照鲁西陆块、胶北陆块和胶南-威海造山带构造单元建立全省区域成矿谱系,以揭示全省在不同地质历史时期、不同区域地质构造环境下成矿作用的时空演化关系。     

Parentage determination of black sea bream(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) for stock enhancement:effectiveness and loss of genetic variation

The stock enhancement programs for black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii have been conducted in China for a fewyears.However,little information has been reported concerning the effectiveness and genetic effect of black sea bream stock enhancement.In order to detect the contribution of released individuals in Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE) and Daya Bay(DB),six microsatellite markers were used to identify the hatchery-released individuals.In addition,this pedigree of hatchery populations(broodfish and hatchery-released offspring) was traced to detect the number of effective parents(N_e),the inbreeding coefficient and the decrease of genetic variability in the reproduction.The pedigree reconstruction showed that at least 69(out of 93) broodfish had offspring.The estimated N_e was 54.8,consequently the inbreeding coefficient was 0.91%.The genetic diversity of hatchery-released offspring was lower than that in that of broodfish(heterozygosity alleles,0.727-0.774),some alleles(number of alleles,61-69) and genetic variance were lost during reproduction.It was observed that wild samples had higher levels of genetic diversity compared with hatchery populations as well as recaptured samples in releasing area.A total of 128 hatchery-released black sea bream were identified among 487 recaptured samples in ZRE,while a total of 15 samples were identified among 96 samples in DB.In summary,there was a high survival of released fish.Nevertheless,the results provided evidence to consider a loss of genetic variation in hatcheryreleased stock and a negative genetic effect of the stock enhancement.     

基于关联度和复杂度的中国城市技术引入模式及其演化机制

Development driven by innovation is an important strategy of the Chinese government. This study used data including inter- city patent transfer from China Intellectual Property Office for 2017 and 2018 to explore the technology-introduction pattern of cities in China from the perspective of technology relatedness and complexity, using Gephi, ArcGIS, and Stata. This study hypothesized that: 1) cities tend to introduce technologies highly related to local knowledge structure;2) the more complex a technology is, the less opportunity that cities will introduce it;and 3) the relatedness of a technology will mitigate the effect of its complexity on technology transfer. Based on the average relatedness and average complexity of technologies introduced in each city, this study identified four technology-introduction patterns, which are high relatedness and high complexity, low relatedness and high complexity, low relatedness and low complexity, and high relatedness and low complexity. Furthermore, unique mechanisms of change exist for different technologyintroduction patterns. This study found that the complexity of introduced technologies increases with the economic development stage of the city, while the relatedness of that displays an inverse U-shaped mode. Hence, we divided technology introduction into three stages according to the level of urban development: 1) the learning stage dominated by low relatedness, 2) the reinforcing stage dominated by the increase in relatedness, and 3) the leaping stage dominated by diversification into unfamiliar technology fields. The empirical results show that in general, the increase in technological relatedness and the decrease in complexity of a technology will promote cities to introduce the technology, and the increase in relatedness will encourage cities to introduce more complex technology in that field. Additionally, the mechanism of change was tested through regression by groups—cities were sorted into four groups by their GDP per capita and population density, then we performed regression on technological relatedness and complexity respectively, which shows that the coefficient of relatedness lost significance in the most developed 25% cities, while it remained robust in the other three groups. The coefficient of complexity similarly lost significance in the most developed 50% cities. These results jointly verify the hypothesis of three technology- introduction stages. This study analyzed the pattern of technologyintroduction empirically, stressing on the importance of relatedness and complexity in innovation research, which offers a grounded reference for guiding the innovation development path of cities. © 2021, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

The genetic diversity,individual relatedness and possible mating system of an isolated population of the Cyprinid species Megalobrama pellgrini in upper reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River,China

Megalobrama pellegrini is a cyprinid fish endemic to upper reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China,which is also an important economic species in the local area.In recent years,resources of this species have decreased sharply and its conservation has drawn great attention.In the present study,we collected 120 individuals from the Longxi River,a tributary isolated from the main channel of the Changjiang River,where M.pellegrini is still relatively abundant.Using two different molecular markers,mitochondrial cytochrome b(cyt b)gene,and nuclear microsatellite(simple sequence repeat,SSR),we analyzed the genetic diversity of this isolated population.The results show that sequence genetic diversity was low(Hd:0.290 and P i:0.000 77 for cyt b gene),while the SSR genetic diversity was high(Ho:0.824 4±0.147 2,He:0.823 5±0.145 1).Analysis indicated that this population had experienced a bottleneck,with inbreeding and small effective population size(around 50).Based on SSR data,relatedness analyzing revealed that the 120 samples were grouped into 10 completely independent clusters.It was inferred that the mating system of M.pellegrini was polygamy.We suggested that the low genetic diversity could be induced by the overfishing and inbreeding depression.Therefore,we suggested that the urgent conservation measures should be taken to control the overfi shing and give better conditions for the fish to grow and spawn,then to restore population size.     

微卫星分型方法进行中国明对虾家系系谱鉴定

微卫星(microsatellite)又称简单序列重复(simple sequence repeats,SSR),是20世纪80年代末期发展起来的DNA分子标记技术,以其数量多、分布广、多态性丰富、检测快速方便、共显性遗传等优点而被广泛应用于构建连锁图谱、个体识别、亲子鉴定、遗传多样性分析、疾病诊断、基因定位等诸多领域.微卫星研究的层次也从群体、个体到基因的表达.虽然有关微卫星起源、演化等相关的理论问题还未研究清楚,但自微卫星标记被发现始就被应用于相关研究,并显示出明显优势,是最具应用价值的标记技术之一.