Formation of spinel-cordierite-feldspar-glass coronas after garnet in metapelitic xenoliths: reaction modelling and geodynamic implications

Spinel + cordierite + K‐feldspar + plagioclase + glass form coronas around garnet in metapelitic xenoliths at El Hoyazo and Mazarrón, two localities of the Neogene Volcanic Province (NVP) of SE Spain. The presence of fresh glass (quenched melt) in all phases shows that corona development occurred under partial melting conditions. Algebraic analysis of mass balance in the NCKFMASH system suggests the reaction Grt + Sil + Bt + Pl = Spl + Crd + Kfs + melt as the most plausible model for the development of coronas in the El Hoyazo sample, and indicates that biotite was required as reactant for the formation of cordierite. The P–T conditions for the formation of coronas are estimated at ～820 ± 50 °C, 4.5 ± 0.6 kbar at El Hoyazo, and ～820 ± 50 °C, 4.0 ± 0.4 kbar at Mazarrón. The El Hoyazo xenoliths record a complex P–T history, characterized by early melt production during heating and additional melting during decompression. A local cooling event characterized by minor retrograde reaction and melt crystallization preceded ascent and eruption. This study shows that detailed xenolith analysis may be used to track magma evolution in a chamber.     

基于AMSS方程的道路影像去噪方法

对道路影像进行去噪处理是道路提取(识别)的重要前提步骤,处理过程中不仅对滤波器的去噪性能有较高的要求,同时对其保持边界的性能要求更高。AMSS(Affine Morphological Scale Space)方程是唯一同时满足对比不变性和仿射不变性的方程。文中从AMSS方程的理论基础着手,从数学角度深入分析了用该方程进行图像处理时能够使图像在去除噪声和保留边缘信息之间达到平衡的内在机理。然后,通过对用于道路提取的遥感影像特征的分析,研究了AMSS方程在遥感影像道路处理中的应用。理论分析与试验表明,文中提出的方法具有良好的效果。     

Experimental studies on elastic and rheological properties of amphibolites at high pressure and high temperature

The experimental studies done at high temperature and high pressure find that increased temperature can lead to dramatic velocity and strength reductions of most of rocks at high confining pressure[1,2]. What causes this phenomenon? Is it due to dehydrati…     

Deep melting and sodic metasomatism underneath the highly oblique-spreading Lena Trough (Arctic Ocean)

Abyssal peridotites collected along the highly oblique-spreading Lena Trough north of Greenland and Spitsbergen have mineral compositions that are similar to residual abyssal peridotites, except for high sodium concentrations in clinopyroxene (cpx). Most samples are lherzolites with light rare earth element (REE)-depleted cpx trace element patterns, but significantly fractionated middle to heavy REE ratios at relatively high heavy REE concentrations. Such characteristics can only be explained by initial melting of a garnet peridotite followed by low degrees of melting in the stability field of spinel peridotite. The residual garnet signature requires either a high potential temperature of the upwelling mantle, or elevated solidus-lowering water contents. The limited spinel field melting suggests a deep cessation of melt extraction, possibly because of the presence of a thick lithospheric cap. This is consistent with the extremely low effective spreading rate and the vicinity to a passive continental margin, which allow conductive cooling to reach deeper levels than commonly estimated for faster mid-ocean ridges. High sodium concentrations in cpx are neither explainable by melt refertilization, nor by a simple diffusion mechanism. The efficient fractionation of sodium from the light REE requires post-melting metasomatism, which is typically restricted to the subcontinental lithosphere. This might imply that the Lena Trough peridotites represent unroofed subcontinental mantle, from which no melt was extracted during the opening of the Lena Trough. It is more likely that sodic metasomatism occurred after partial melting underneath the Lena Trough, and that such an enrichment process is responsible for elevated sodium concentrations in abyssal peridotites elsewhere. Sodium in cpx of residual peridotites can therefore not serve as an indicator of partial melting or melt refertilization.     

内蒙古达茂旗北部奥陶纪埃达克岩类的识别及其意义

内蒙古达茂旗北部奥陶纪侵入岩分布于槽台边界断裂(乌兰布拉格—哥舍深大断裂)以北,岩石类型主要有闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。该套侵入岩具高w(Sr)、低w(Y)和w(Yb)的特征,具高的w(Sr)/w(Y)和w(La)/w(Yb)比值;轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具正铕异常或微弱的负铕异常;微量元素蛛网图中具明显的Sr峰和Nb、Ti低谷,与典型的埃达克岩(adakite)特征一致。通过与典型adakite、太古代TTD(G)及岛弧和大陆边缘弧ADR的对比,表明本区奥陶纪侵入岩以具轻、重稀土强烈分馏型而与岛弧和大陆边缘弧ADR区别明显,而与adakite和TTD(G)相似,同时又以具明显的Sr正异常而区别于太古代的TTD(G)。地球物理、重力及航磁资料显示槽台边界断裂两侧有完全不同的地壳结构。北侧可能是在晚古生代早期拼贴到华北陆块的一个小微地块,拼贴过程中二者之间的加里东洋壳向微地块之下俯冲消减,俯冲板片在榴辉岩相或角闪岩相—榴辉岩相过渡相发生部分熔融形成adakite岩浆,熔融残留物主要为石榴石。     

近红外反射光谱学在岩石矿物研究中的应用——Ⅰ．快速测定地质样品中化合水

应用近红外反射光谱学方法无损快速测定了各种地质样品中化合水。使用偏最小二乘回归法，在近红外波长范围分离出与化合水含量有关的光谱信息。大多数地质样品的近红外反射光谱估算结果与重量法吻合。实验结果表明，近红外反射光谱学测定地质样品中化合水更简单、更容易。     

Compositional Continuity and Discontinuity in the Horoman Peridotite, Japan, and its Implication for Melt Extraction Processes in Partially Molten Upper Mantle

A hypothetical model is proposed to explain the origin of compositionaldiscontinuities in the layering observed in orogenic lherzolites.The observed collinearity of the whole-rock peridotite compositionsis best explained in terms of partial melting and melt segregation.The presence of chemical discontinuities implies that melt segregationincludes an abrupt and discontinuous process. A key conceptin the model is the topological transformation of melt geometryin partially molten rocks responding to the equality and inequalityof the fluid pressure and solid pressure, which may be realizedin a gravitational field. It is emphasized that the percolationthreshold is a critical boundary, beyond which a rapid microstructuralchange occurs in response to the change of local fluid pressure,thus causing a rapid increase of permeability. The model impliesthat the mode of melting is closer to batch melting than tofractional melting in the upper mantle. KEY WORDS: critical phenomenon; partial melting; percolation threshold; Horoman peridotite; melt segregation     

Diffusion creep and partial melting in high temperature mylonitic gneisses, Hope Valley shear zone, New England Appalachians, USA

Field, petrographic, microstructural and isotopic studies of mylonitic gneisses and associated pegmatites along the Hope Valley shear zone in southern Rhode Island indicate that late Palaeozoic deformation (c. 275 Ma) in this zone occurred at very high temperatures (>650 °C). High‐energy cuspate/lobate phase boundary microstructures, a predominance of equant to sub‐equant grains with low internal lattice strain, and mixed phase distributions indicate that diffusion creep was an important and possibly predominant deformation mechanism. Field and petrographic evidence are consistent with the presence of an intergranular melt phase during deformation, some of which collected into syntectonic pegmatites. Rb/Sr isotopic analyses of tightly sampled pegmatites and wall rocks confirm that the pegmatites were derived as partial melts of the immediately adjacent, isotopically heterogeneous mylonitic gneisses. The presence of syntectonic interstitial melts is inferred to have permitted a switch from dislocation creep to melt‐enhanced diffusion creep as the dominant mechanism in these relatively coarse‐grained mylonitic gneisses (200–500 µm syn‐deformational grain size). A switch to diffusion creep would lead to significant weakening, and may explain why the Hope Valley shear zone evolved into a major regional tectonic boundary. This work identifies conditions under which diffusion creep operates in naturally deformed granitic rocks and illuminates the deformation processes involved in the development of a tectonic boundary between two distinct Late Proterozoic (Avalonian) basement terranes.     

MINERALOGICAL FEATURES OF ULTRAMAFICHYPOXENOLITHS IN ALKALI-RICH PORPHYRY

Ultramafic hypoxenoliths found in the alkali-rich porphyry in the Liuhe Village, Heqing, Yunnan, China, are of great significance in understanding the origin and evolution of the porphyry. This paper discusses the mineralogical features of the hypoxenoliths. It shows that the xenoliths are characterized by the upper mantle rocks modified to certain extent by the enriched mantle fluid metasomatism in the mantle environment, with the enriched mantle property of low-degree partial melting. This constitutes the important mineralogical evidence for the petrogenesis and mineralization of alkali-rich porphyry. Keywords: alkali-rich porphyry; deep-source xenoliths; enriched mantle; low-degree partial melting; mineralogical characteristics     

部分熔融状态下岩石的流变行为及变形机制

熔体的形成受地温梯度,压力和流体等多种因素的制约,在部分熔融过程中,岩体的形态仅发生微小变化,但随着熔体比例的增大,岩石的变形方式和变形机制将发生较大变化,变形方式由水力破碎转变成为熔体强化的韧性变形,变形机制由位错蠕变转变为扩散蠕变,此外,下地壳熔体能长期存在并大幅度地调节应变,起到润滑层的作用。