Transverse free vibrations of continuous bridges with abutment restraint

This paper analyzes the dynamic behaviour of continuous bridges with transverse abutment restraint. These are a particular class of multi‐span bridges whose transverse motion is restrained at the abutments. The transverse dynamic behaviour of these partially‐restrained bridges is described by a model consisting of a two‐dimensional simply‐supported beam with intermediate visco‐elastic restraints. A minimal set of characteristic problem parameters that completely describe the dynamic response is initially identified and an analytical solution is developed for particular configurations. The influence of these characteristic parameters on the properties of the dynamic systems are analyzed by considering the undamped and the damped free vibrations separately. Successively, in order to cover more general and complex configurations of realistic bridges, an extension of the definition of the characteristic parameters is proposed. The results obtained considering selected case studies are finally presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards multiple hazard resilient bridges: a methodology for modeling frequent and infrequent time-varying loads Part I, Comprehensive reliability and partial failure probabilities

The current AASHTO load and resistance factor design (LRFD) guidelines are formulated based on bridge reliability,which interprets traditional design safety factors into more rigorously deduced factors based on the theory of probability.This is a major advancement in bridge design specifications.However,LRFD is only calibrated for dead and live loads.In cases when extreme loads are significant,they need to be individually assessed.Combining regular loads with extreme loads has been a major challenge,mainly because the extreme loads are time variables and cannot be directly combined with time invariant loads to formulate the probability of structural failure.To overcome these difficulties,this paper suggests a methodology of comprehensive reliability,by introducing the concept of partial failure probability to separate the loads so that each individual load combination under a certain condition can be approximated as time invariant.Based on these conditions,the extreme loads (also referred to as multiple hazard or MH loads) can be broken down into single effects.In Part Ⅱ of this paper,a further breakdown of these conditional occurrence probabilities into pure conditions is discussed by using a live truck and earthquake loads on a bridge as an example.There are three major steps in establishing load factors from MH load distributions:(1) formulate the failure probabilities;(2) normalize various load distributions;and (3) establish design limit state equations.This paper describes the formulation of the failure probabilities of single and combined loads.     

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甘肃北山牛圈子地区志留纪骆驼圈西岩体的岩石成因及构造意义

北山牛圈子地区的骆驼圈西埃达克岩为过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,具有高的SiO_2(57.94%)、Al_2O_3(16.66%)和低的MgO(4.32%)含量,较高的Na_2O/K_2O比值(3.13),显示富钠的特征;而在微量元素上,高Sr(589×10~(-6)~1170×10~(-6)),低Y(4.60×10~(-6)~13.90×10~(-6))和Yb(0.43×10~(-6)~1.32×10~(-6));轻重稀土分异明显(La/Dy)N=4.60~13.87、(La/Yb)N=7.17~20.58,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.85~1.32);富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Ti和重稀土HREE,与世界上典型的俯冲洋壳熔融形成的埃达克岩特征相似。结合区域上埃达克岩的研究成果和岀露的构造位置,以及与牛圈子蛇绿岩的关系,认为骆驼圈西埃达克岩是志留纪(U-Pb年龄为428.9 Ma)时期热的洋壳向公婆泉—东七一山早古生代活动陆缘带俯冲过程中部分熔融的产物。对该岩体的研究,为进一步研究北山造山带早古生代北山洋盆闭合和晚古生代北山洋盆重新裂开提供新的依据。     

水准测量中尺度比参数的附加系统参数的Partial EIV模型解法

针对目前水准测量中尺度比参数的附加系统参数的平差模型,本文对模型进行重构,提出尺度比参数的附加系统参数的partial errors-in-variables（Partial EIV）模型,给出总体最小二乘准则下的解算公式及迭代算法。实际算例和模拟数据结果表明,本文方法与传统方法在处理尺度比参数为附加系统参数时的效果基本一致,并给出相关的理论依据。     

重力式挡土墙抗滑稳定分析安全判据和标准

探讨水利、交通等领域挡土墙设计规范中对抗滑稳定安全系数规定的允许值的合理性,认为其相应值与国外相关规定相比偏小。从理论上分析,使用抗力除以土压力的安全系数定义计算土压力相应的强度参数是标准值,而非经分项系数或安全系数折减后的标准值,其允许安全系数宜大于边坡等同类土方构筑物的相应值。认为建立在可靠度理论指导下的分项系数方法可以从根本上摆脱在安全判据方面存在的缺陷。在假定一级建筑物的允许可靠指标为3.7、土的黏聚力和摩擦系数变异系数分别为0.2和0.1的条件下,对一个特定的算例,填土的黏聚力、摩擦系数和基底的摩擦系数分项系数标定值分别为 1.301, 1.209和 1.170,应用提出的相对安全率判据,可以发现上述的分项系数标定值具有普适意义。该成果可以为相关规范的制订提供参考。     

基于高灵敏度检波器数据的分频匹配滤波方法及其应用(英文)

具有较高自然频率的高灵敏度检波器在采集数据时可以通过压制低频信号来相对提高高频能量,但这也造成了其低频响应差的问题,如果将高灵敏度数据与常规数据进行优势组合,就可以达到拓宽频带的目的。为此,本文提出分频段匹配滤波的方法,即在保持常规数据低频优势的前提下,对其高频端进行匹配滤波,实现不同频带范围内的优势互补,从而改善地震记录。通过引入不同主频的雷克子波模拟得到具有常规数据和高灵敏度数据特点的理论模型,论证了分频匹配滤波方法的可行性。在对野外单炮地震记录处理中发现,分频匹配滤波方法拓宽了地震记录的有效频带宽度,提高了地震记录的分辨率。     

A direct analysis of flood interval probability using approximately 100-year streamflow datasets

ABSTRACT

Series of observed flood intervals, defined as the time intervals between successive flood peaks over a threshold, were extracted directly from 11 approximately 100-year streamflow datasets from Queensland, Australia. A range of discharge thresholds were analysed that correspond to return periods of approximately 3.7 months to 6.3 years. Flood interval histograms at South East Queensland gauges were consistently unimodal whereas those of the North and Central Queensland sites were often multimodal. The exponential probability distribution (pd) is often used to describe interval exceedence probabilities, but fitting utilizing the Anderson-Darling statistic found little evidence that it is the most suitable. The fatigue life pd dominated sub-year return periods (<1 year), often transitioning to a log Pearson 3 pd at above-year return periods. Fatigue life pd is used in analysis of the lifetime to structural failure when a threshold is exceeded, and this paper demonstrates its relevance also to the elapsed time between above-threshold floods. At most sites, the interval medians were substantially less than the means for sub-year return periods. Statistically the median is a better measure of the central tendency of skewed distributions but the mean is generally used in practice to describe the classical concept of flood return period.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor I. Nalbantis     

AVO analysis with partial stacking to detect gas anomalies in the GÜEPAJÉ-3D project

We applied analysis AVO with partial stacking to an onshore gas field in order to detect gas at the top of the Ciénaga de Oro formation (FCO), by using seismic gathers of the Güepajé-3D project. The technique was supported by petrophysical analysis of the Ayombe-1 well.The sensitivity of seismic response to changes in the saturating fluid was evaluated by fluid substitution technique in an interval of the Ayombe-1 well. As a result, a class I AVO anomaly at the top of the FCO was observed, even though the gas and water responses were similar. After applying AVO with partial stack technique at the top of FCO, AVO class I anomalies were observed in the Ayombe-1 and Güepajé-1 gas wells and none in the dry Güepajé-3 well. In spite of being reported with gas, the results in the Güepajé-2 well indicated any to an incipient class I anomaly related to a weak seismic response associated to gas.When the technique was applied to the seismic volume of the Güepajé-3D Project, a map of the direct gas indicator was obtained. The map shows a high correlation with the structural surface at top of FCO. Lithic factors such as compaction, cementation and carbonate overlaying the FCO and variable thickness of partial and full saturated layers, may cause anomalies in zones unlikely to contain gas.