Statistical Methods for Jointly Estimating the Decay Constant of 40K and the Age of a Dating Standard

To simultaneously evaluate the decay constant of ⁴⁰K () and the age of a standard (t _std) using isotopic data from geologic materials, we applied a series of statistical methods. The problem of estimating the most probable intercept of many nonlinear curves in and t _std space is formulated by an errors-in-variables nonlinear regression model. Then a maximum likelihood method is applied to the model for a point estimate, which is equivalent to the nonlinear least square method when measurement error distributions are Gaussian. Uncertainties and confidence regions of the estimates can be approximated using three methods: the asymptotic normal approximation, the parametric bootstrap method and Bonferroni confidence regions. Five pairs of published data for samples with ages from 2 ka to 4.5 Ga were used to estimate and the age of Fish Canyon sanidine (t _FCs). The statistical procedure yields most probable estimates of (5.4755 ± 0.0170 × 10^–10 (1)/year) and t _FCs (28.269 ± 0.0661 (1) Ma) which are in between previously published values. These results indicate the power of our approach to provide improved constraints on these parameters, although the preliminary nature of some of the input data require further review before the values can be adopted.     

Adding Local Accuracy to Direct Sequential Simulation

Geostatistical simulations are globally accurate in the sense that they reproduce global statistics such as variograms and histograms. Kriging is locally accurate in the minimum local error variance sense. Building on the concept of direct sequential simulation, we propose a fast simulation method that can share these opposing objectives. It is shown that the multiple-point entropy of the resulting simulation is related to the univariate entropy of the local conditional distributions used to draw simulated values. Adding local accuracy to conditional simulations does not detract much from variogram reproduction and can be used to increase multiple-point entropy. The methods developed are illustrated using a case study.     

基于Pro/E的渐开线圆柱齿轮参数化实体设计

在Pro/E环境下分析了渐开线圆柱齿轮三维造型的特征,应用Program模块进行二次开发,实现了全液压钻机回转器渐开线圆柱齿轮三维参数化实体设计,有效地提高了设计效率。      

参数化建模技术应用研究——以城市设计为例

城市设计是控规中不可或缺的引导性内容。随着理论与编制方法的不断创新,城市设计已发展到了以形态整体性理论重构为目标的第四代范型,而三维形态不仅是城市设计的表现形式,也是揭示和把握城市演变进程特征和规律的重要手段,能够有效弥补和提高控制性详细规划指标在三维空间上的乏力和不足。本文以两个实验区为基础,尝试将控规指标作为参数导入CityEngine参数化建模软件中,再利用GIS平台对模型实施空间分析,实现了"建模—分析—编制"动态关联的参数化规划设计流程,使城市设计的引导性作用更加直观、高效。     

气垫式保真筒保压特性的参数影响分析

介绍配套了气垫式保真筒的深海天然气水合物采样器的结构及其工作原理,同时为提升气垫式保真筒的保压性能,基于压降模型仿真分析了关键参数(预充压力、气腔长度、筒体长度、筒体内径和筒体壁厚)对采样终了筒内压降的影响。仿真研究结果表明:预充压力、气腔长度和筒体壁厚对气垫式保真筒的保压性能影响较大,且取值越大保压效果越好;筒体长度、筒体内径与筒内压降正相关且对其影响较小;同时综合保真筒的整体性能来讲,提高预充压力和增加气腔长度是提高气垫式保真筒的保压性能可选的有效方式。     

一元P-范分布参数估计的改进方法

当观测误差服从P范分布时,本文从P范分布的概率密度函数和统计性质出发,利用绝对矩得到了参数p和方差的合理选择公式,给出了一种P范分布的参数的估计方法,可以使误差分布更加接近真实分布.将得到的参数估值作为应用极大似然估计法进行迭代时的初值,从而减少了运算时间,提高了运算效率.同时,将模型展开为泰勒级数,取至二次项,从而使...     

参数优化的建筑物多边形化简研究

本文针对建筑物多边形化简当前存在的问题,将参数优化的方法引入化简的全过程,在渐进式图形化简的基础上,通过把建筑物多边形的几何特征、结构特征和化简所遵循的一系列约束规则参数化、变量化表示,建立了建筑物多边形化简的数学模型,通过对模型的求解,来达到化简建筑物多边形的目的。成果已经应用于数字地图的生产,实践证明该算法的化简效果好,普适性较高,符合应用需求。     

周期径向荷载作用下圆弧格构拱动力稳定性分析

基于结构弹性稳定理论,根据能量法推导出以位移为基本未知量的圆弧格构拱总势能,从Hamilton原理出发,建立了考虑剪切变形的圆弧格构拱的动力稳定微分方程.利用Galerkin方法将其转化为二阶常微分Mathieu型参数共振方程,求得周期解所包围的动力不稳定区域,探讨了圆弧格构拱发生参数共振的动力稳定性问题,分析了缀条面...     

火灾下约束钢柱临界温度的参数分析

利用经实验验证过的ABAQUS有限元模型对轴力和弯矩共同作用下的约束钢柱进行了参数分析。以钢柱的屈曲温度和临界温度作为主要的评价指标,主要考虑了轴力荷载比、弯矩荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、转动约束刚度比、长细比和钢柱端部弯矩比等参数的影响,并且对不同参数之间的耦合性进行了分析。参数分析结果表明,轴向约束刚度的增大将会明显降低约束钢柱的屈曲温度,但是对其临界温度的影响相对较小;端部弯矩比对钢柱的临界温度影响很小;当钢柱的轴力荷载比和弯矩荷载比较小、轴向约束刚度比和长细比较大时,考虑屈曲后性能可以显著提高钢柱的抗火能力。     

Quantifying particle aggregation in sediments

Sediments often occur as non‐normal size distributions composed of discrete, partially aggregated particle populations. These populations reflect provenance, dispersal pathways and their depositional environments. Recent experimental laboratory studies describing mud flocculation in turbulent marine systems prompted this investigation of the potential of aggregates to record size‐sensitive transport dynamics in a terrestrial fluvial system. Here, sediment‐size distributions in their natural condition of particle–aggregate mixtures are analysed by parametric statistics. A practical and freely available decompositional approach is outlined and field tested, which allows sediment to be viewed in both its conventional particulate form and as its naturally occurring mixture of transport‐stable aggregates and elementary particles. From a sequence of upward‐fining slack water couplets in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, it is demonstrated that the characteristics, provenance and depositional history of fine‐grained sediments consisting of particle‐aggregate mixtures can best be understood fully by quantifying aggregation.