On‐line identification of non‐linear hysteretic structural systems using a variable trace approach

In this paper, an adaptive on‐line parametric identification algorithm based on the variable trace approach is presented for the identification of non‐linear hysteretic structures. At each time step, this recursive least‐square‐based algorithm upgrades the diagonal elements of the adaptation gain matrix by comparing the values of estimated parameters between two consecutive time steps. Such an approach will enforce a smooth convergence of the parameter values, a fast tracking of the parameter changes and will remain adaptive as time progresses. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown by considering the effects of excitation amplitude, of the measurement units, of larger sampling time interval and of measurement noise. The cases of exact‐, under‐, over‐parameterization of the structural model have been analysed. The proposed algorithm is also quite effective in identifying time‐varying structural parameters to simulate cumulative damage in structural systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Empirical Bayes Analysis of Volcanic Eruptions

This paper describes a simple empirical Bayes approach to inference about the eruption rate of a volcano under a Poisson process model. Under this approach, the prior distribution of the eruption rate is estimated from the eruption records of a group of similar volcanoes. The approach is illustrated using the eruption records of six Central American volcanoes.     

Non-uniform granular pile–mat foundations: analysis and model tests

Granular piles are commonly used to improve bearing capacity and reduce settlements of soft soil in coastal and lowland areas. Due to various reasons, granular piles tend to acquire a non-uniform tapered-down cross-section in actual construction process. In this paper, a simple theoretical approach to predict deformation behaviour of soft ground reinforced with non-uniform granular pile–mat system is presented. A small-scale experimental set-up is fabricated in the laboratory and tests performed. Results predicted by the proposed approach compare well with the laboratory tests, and the field tests and other numerical test results available in literature. A parametric study has been carried out to evaluate the relative influence of granular mat thickness and relative stiffness on various responses of non-uniform granular piles.     

Evaluation of the influence of vertical irregularities on the seismic performance of a nine‐storey steel frame

A methodology based on incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is presented for the evaluation of structures with vertical irregularities. Four types of storey‐irregularities are considered: stiffness, strength, combined stiffness and strength, and mass irregularities. Using the well‐known nine‐storey LA9 steel frame as a base, the objective is to quantify the effect of irregularities, both for individual and for combinations of stories, on its response. In this context a rational methodology for comparing the seismic performance of different structural configurations is proposed by means of IDA. This entails performing non‐linear time history analyses for a suite of ground motion records scaled to several intensity levels and suitably interpolating the results to calculate capacities for a number of limit‐states, from elasticity to final global instability. By expressing all limit‐state capacities with a common intensity measure, the reference and each modified structure can be naturally compared without needing to have the same period or yield base shear. Using the bootstrap method to construct appropriate confidence intervals, it becomes possible to isolate the effect of irregularities from the record‐to‐record variability. Thus, the proposed methodology enables a full‐range performance evaluation using a highly accurate analysis method that pinpoints the effect of any source of irregularity for each limit‐state. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一元有界p范分布的参数自适应估计

根据实际观测误差的有界性，得到了有界误差分布的一般模式，讨论了此分布的数学期望、方差和特征函数等数字特征，得到了极大似然估计方程。模拟算例的结果表明，有界p范分布参数估计的结果优于无界p范分布极大似然估计的结果。     

三次参数样条曲线在等高线矢量化中的应用

主要阐述了如何应用参数样条曲线在AutoCAD中快速准确地矢量化等高线。通过对三次参数样条曲线不同边界条件所绘线形的分析,最终选定了用夹持端样条曲线来矢量化等高线,并在AutoCAD平台上和VC 6.0开发环境下,用Object ARX开发工具包开发完成该矢量化程序。实践证明,该法切实可行,提高了工作效率。     

随机波作用下海床动态响应分析

真实的海洋波浪是随机的,而前人对海床的动态响应分析大都是选用线性波或者Stokes波理论,对海床的模拟大都采用Biot拟静力模型,忽略了流体速度及土体位移加速度的影响。联合使用Longuet-Higgins随机波模型(采用Jonswap谱)以及动力u-p形式的海床响应计算模型,使用COMSOL Multiphysics多场耦合软件的PDE模块输入方程进行有限元计算,得到随机波作用下整体海床动态响应结果。将随机波结果与一阶Stokes波和椭圆余弦波结果进行对比,并对渗透系数和饱和度进行参数分析,研究表明渗透系数和饱和度对于随机波作用下海床动态响应影响显著。     

一元p范分布的参数快速估计方法

首先得到了一元p范分布在不同情况下的估计效率公式,给出了选择不同尺度参数时Lp估计的效率,说明了选择合适尺度参数的重要性;然后根据误差分布的实际情况,从一元p范分布的概率密度函数和统计性质出发,利用绝对矩得到了尺度参数和方差的合理选择公式。通过曲线拟合的公式,给出了一种一元p范分布的参数p的估计方法,并用两个模拟算例对本文方法进行了验证。     

可见光-近红外波段大气上行与下行辐射分量参数化方法

可见光-近红外波段大气上行、下行辐射是辐射传输建模、成像模拟及大气校正关键的输入参数,根据四流辐射传输理论给出了与二者相关大气参量的数值模型及计算方法,针对Landsat 5 TM 6个波段建立了大气参量与水汽含量、能见度距离和太阳入射天顶角间的参数化模型,在此基础上对各参量间敏感性进行了分析,结果表明参数化模型具备较高精度。同时,计算了各波段大气上行、下行漫射辐射值,对二者在植被和裸土覆盖条件下的差异进行了定量分析。