松辽盆地北部火山岩CO2脱气参数及其对CO2资源量估算的意义

为了定量评价火山岩脱CO2气量的潜力，选择松辽盆地北部火山岩进行了低温脱气实验。将火山岩加热到250℃时，脱出挥发份总量为0.0299～0.0790ml/g；其中CO2脱出量为0.0218～0.0706 ml/g（0.429～1.387wt％）。脱挥发份总量与其中CO2量具有良好的正线性相关；挥发份以CO2气为主，其次是Ｎ2气，还伴有H2、CO、CH4等还原性气体，以及更少量的低碳烷烃；基性火山岩比中、酸性火山岩脱出CO2数量较多。火山岩吸附大量CO2气，成为充足气源，火山岩脱出的吸附气主要是辗转而来的深源气，火山岩成为探索幔源气成藏的主要源岩，尤其是基性火山岩。估算CO2资源量，可将250℃时火山岩挥发份含量作为岩石挥发份及残余CO2量的下限值，而全岩分析的总碳含量可作为CO2脱出量的上限值。     

基于GIS的北京市延庆县地质灾害易发性区域划分

随着灾害科学研究的深入，区域地质灾害已成为其重要的研究领域。文章利用遥感技术及GPS工具获取地质灾害的特征信息，在对地质灾害的成因背景分析基础上，运用GIS空间分析功能和地质灾害危险性评价、评估理论构建了地质灾害发育度模型。以北京市延庆县为实验区，采用ArcEngine＆．NET进行易发性分区程序的编写，计算研究区域内单元网格的发育度值。为了克服调查数据的局限性和人为因素，在计算发育度时引入修正系数，从延庆县DEM数据中提取单元格网内的地形坡度值，根据坡度值区间确定修正系数。将发育度计算结果按照一定规律、原则聚类。进行地质灾害易发性区域划分，取得了与实际情况较为一致的结果。基于“3S”技术及灾害地质条件，采用地质灾害发育度模型，可以较好地用于区域地质灾害易发性区域的划分，并能为防灾、减灾提供重要信息。     

额济纳旗胡杨根区水分运动参数的确定--利用Richard方程和气象资料推算

利用Richard方程和气象资料相结合的办法,确定了中国典型的干旱内陆河流──黑河下游额济纳旗地区主要成林的干旱荒漠天然乔木树种──胡杨林地的水分运动参数,主要有导水系数K、比水容量C和水分扩散率D。     

Displaced-Beam Small Aperture Scintillometer Test. Part Ii: Cases-99 Stable Boundary-Layer Experiment

The performance of the Scintec displaced-beam small aperture scintillometer (DBSAS) in the stable boundary layer (SBL) is investigated using data gathered during the CASES-99 experiment in Kansas, U.S.A. The DBSAS is superior to the eddy-covariance method in determining vertical fluxes of sensible heat and momentumclose to the ground and/or over short (< 1 min) averaging intervals. Both aspects are of importance in the shallow and non-stationary SBL.The friction velocity, u_*, the temperature scale, _*, and from these the sensible heat flux, H, were calculated from the indirectly determined dissipation rate, , and the structure parameter of temperature, C_T ², by the DBSAS, which was operated over a path length of 112 m. All these variables are compared with eddy-covariance data for 10-minute time averages. Previously reported systematic errors in the DBSAS, overestimation of u_* for low u_* values and underestimation of u_* for high u_* values, have in part been dealt with by adjusting the beam displacement distance from 2.7 mm to 2.6 mm in the calculations. The latter adjustment is presented as a working hypothesis, not a general solution.     

Using a Large-Aperture Scintillometer to Measure Absorption and Refractive Index Fluctuations

The contributions of refraction and absorption fluctuations to the measured scintillations are observed for a near-infrared absorption region using a NOAA designed large-aperture scintillometer. The logarithmic amplitude spectra are shown to decay with frequency as f^-8/3 for both the absorption and scattering mechanisms. For the absorption mechanism this is in line with similar observations made at microwave and infrared frequencies. However, for finite transmitting and receiving apertures, theory predicts a stronger decay of the scattering mechanism due to aperture averaging. The spectral shape is characterised by a region of low frequency absorption, higher frequency refraction and separated by a flattish transition zone. The upper observed corner frequency (f_C2) compares well with values calculated using the measured transverse windspeed (v) for a known aperture radius. The lower corner frequency (f_C1) position is shown to be sensitive to the ratio of the real and imaginary part of the refractive index structure parameter, (C _nR ² /C _nI ² )^3/8, and v. The part of the spectrum associated with the absorption scintillations is observed to be much less than that due to refraction through the day until evening, when decreasing C _nR ² causes C _nR ² /C _nI ² to decrease and absorption to become significant. If absorption is ignored, this may have consequences for calculating nocturnal surface fluxes. During unstable, daytime conditions the large aperture scintillometer is most sensitive to refractive scintillations despite having an infrared source transmitting in a lossy atmosphere. But also under these conditions, the low frequency absorption part of the spectrum is observable.     

雹云的3参数概率判别法

根据山东省雷达回波资料,天气和灾情实况,统计了回波顶高Ｈｍ强回波区顶高Ｈｚ回波强度Ｚ与降雹概率的关系,给出单,双参数判别雹云的指标,提出用３参数降雹条件概率法判别雹云,指出了３参数识别指标对降雹的预示作用,这对强对流天气的短期预报具有一定的实用价值。     

强降水雷达回波参数特征

利用７１３型测雷达资料,对江西强降水回波参数特征进行统计,分析结果表明：强降水与回波顶高、回波强度、水平尺度及地形等有关,为强降水天气预测提供了依据．     

GS—15型重力仪滤波效能与观测稳定性的对比分析

通过观察和模拟干扰源试验,认为红山地震台ＧＳ－１５型重力仪潮汐观测曲线畸变和观测精度氏是因原配ＲＣ滤波电路的抗干扰能力差。用自制的有源贝赛尔滤波电路取代原配ＲＣ滤波电路后,观测质量得到了根本的改善,一系列参量的分析表明,ＧＳ型重力仪弹性系统手换能电路性能优良,有源滤波电路具有很强的抗干扰能力,使用数字记录代替模拟记录可以减小记录系统非线性失真,提高潮汐分析的精度和稳定性。     

吴忠,灵武地区地壳中上部速度结构

应用射线追踪方法进行震源参数和速度结构联合反演,对宁夏吴忠、灵武地区地壳中上部Ｐ波速度结构进行了研究,茯结果与目前该区域地震定位所用的速度模型差异较大,与穿研究区的人工地震剖面相比,随深度的增加两者的速度值趋于一致。     

尺度参数的Lp估计与精度评定

根据定位参数与尺度参数的联合Ｍ估计,导出了尺度参数的Ｌｐ估计;当ｐ＝２时,与最小二乘估计一致,观测数据服从正态分布时,为最优无偏估计;由于尺度参数Ｌｐ估计的影响函数为无界函数,估计不具抗差性,但把残差Ｗｉｎｓｏｒ化,作者得到了尺度参数的抗差Ｌｐ估计;依据定位参数的协方差阵,可进行Ｌｐ估计的精度评定。这些结果对于Ｌｐ估计的研究和应用具有一定的参考价值。