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141.
Recent improvements in both Infra-red spectroscopy and equilibrator techniqueshave allowed to determine, for the first time, pCO2using simultaneously and continuously both the direct and indirect methods in an estuary where pCO2 values range from 500 to 8500 atm and salinity from 0 to 30. Our results show that both methods are in excellent agreement in the wholeestuary (r2 = 0.999, n = 1075, p < 0.0001). Thus, the NBS (US National Bureau of Standards) scale, although inadequate for seawater samples, is appropriate for estuarine waters and can be applied with confidence to calculate pCO2. 相似文献
142.
贵州省矿业开发引起的环境问题及其成因探讨 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
矿业开发给贵州省造成严重的生态环境问题,主要包括环境污染,矿业荒漠化和环境地质灾害。虽然贵州省矿产开发的历史比较悠久,但解放前的生态破坏和矿业污染仅局限在个别地区,解放后出现的三次大规模资源环境破坏,给贵州省矿业可持续发展带来严重影响,特别是改革开放以来矿山资源的无序开发对环境的危害最重。导致贵州省矿业环境问题的主要因素包括:矿产资源价值的严重扭曲,乡镇企业的超常规发展,部分政府官员的权力寻租,以及资源导向型的脱贫模式等。 相似文献
143.
144.
望儿山金矿浅部生产已接近尾声,其生产正向深部转移,但望儿山金矿深部地质条件十分复杂,为使其生产能更好的延续下去,通过对生产勘探的超前期限与范围合理性的研究和探讨,在总结前人经验的基础上,根据望儿山金矿实际,采用价值法的分析,得出其现有生产勘探合理的超前期限与范围. 相似文献
145.
Application of bivariate extreme value distribution to flood frequency analysis: a case study of Northwestern Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlos Escalante-Sandoval 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(1):37-46
In Mexico, poverty has forced people to live almost on the water of rivers. This situation along with the occurrence of floods
is a serious problem for the local governments. In order to protect their lives and goods, it is very important to account
with a mathematical tool that may reduce the uncertainties in computing the design events for different return periods.
In this paper, the Logistic model for bivariate extreme value distribution with Weibull-2 and Mixed Weibull marginals is proposed
for the case of flood frequency analysis. A procedure to estimate their parameters based on the maximum likelihood method
is developed. A region in Northwestern Mexico with 16 gauging stations has been selected to apply the model and regional at-site
quantiles were estimated. A significant improvement occurs, measured through the use of a goodness-of-fit test, when parameters
are estimated using the bivariate distribution instead of its univariate counterpart. Results suggest that it is very important
to consider the Mixed Weibull distribution and its bivariate option when analyzing floods generated by a␣mixture of two populations. 相似文献
146.
Mansoor Hamood Al-Harthy 《Natural Resources Research》2007,16(4):305-312
Current practice shows that the use of portfolio and utility theory is very low among petroleum companies. This article advocates
the use of both portfolio theory and utility theory as decision-making tools to improve performance of oil and gas companies.
We introduce a model that can be practically used and applied in the oil and gas industry. This model generates an optimized,
efficient portfolio and, at the same time, enables the decision maker to incorporate his risk attitude and policy. This can
only be done by combining both the portfolio theory and utility theory through an approach called the utility mean-variance
model. A typical oil portfolio optimization problem is investigated by applying both portfolio and utility theories. Through
the utility mean-variance model, an efficient frontier that captures decision maker risk attitude is achieved. 相似文献
147.
Diatoms were identified and enumerated from a surface sediment calibration set of 50 lakes in northwestern Québec. The relationship
between species composition and environmental variables was examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Forward
selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests in CCA indicated that diatom species distributions in the data set are most strongly
correlated to lakewater pH. A strong (r
2
boot = 0.83) weighted averaging calibration model, that includes bootstrapped error estimates, was developed for inferring past
lakewater pH. Using this model, temporal changes in pH were reconstructed for two kettle lakes, Lac de la Pépinière and Lac
Perron. Based on limnological data, both the study lakes were expected to have recently acidified due to increased acidic
precipitation and increases in anthropogenic metal loading. However, our long-term pH inference data indicate that these lakes
were naturally acidic during pre-industrial times. Nonetheless, the rate of acidification, particularly in Lac de la Pépinière,
has accelerated in the last ∼75 years. These long-term pH records developed for the dilute lakes in northwestern Québec suggest
that the region has received increased atmospheric pollutants from the nearby Horne smelter in Rouyn-Noranda. The pH inference
profiles are markedly different from many other paleolimnological studies in acid-sensitive regions of Canada that have become
acidic primarily as a result of industrial activities.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
148.
本文首先回顾了价值链与全球生产系统的研究进展,结合跨国公司最新发展趋势对全球生产系统特征进行了总结;其次以改革开放以来上海对外贸易结构的改变,描述了90年代以来上海在全球生产系统分工中的变化,认为出口产品结构的转型并没有真正改变上海在国际劳动分工中处于低端环节的地位;最后就上海建设世界城市的差距与优势进行了总结,提出全球化发展的外部力量和地方化响应的内部力量将是上海发展世界城市的两个重要驱动力。 相似文献
149.
本文继续文献 [10 ]的工作 ,进一步讨论了测量平差 Gauss- Markov模型参数岭型广义逆估计的若干性质 ,如允许性、优效性、相对效率、抗干扰性等等 ,得到了许多重要结论。计算结果表明 ,在设计阵呈病态时 ,岭型广义逆估计确能明显改善 L S估计 相似文献
150.