JGS-1B智能测井仪应用中遇到的问题及解决方法

JGS-1B智能测井仪广泛应用于煤田、水文、金属矿、非金属矿及工程地质勘探.本文对该仪器在测井过程产生的深度误差、测井曲线出现跳点、测井曲线异常等问题提出了解决方法,具有示范意义.     

全吸力范围南阳膨胀土的土-水特征曲线

膨胀土的失水收缩、吸水膨胀过程分别对应着土-水特征曲线的脱湿和吸湿阶段。土-水特征曲线对于研究非饱和土的水力与力学特性有着重要作用。用压力板法（吸力范围0～1.5 MPa）、滤纸法（吸力范围0～40 MPa）和蒸汽平衡法（吸力范围3～368 MPa）,分别对南阳膨胀土进行了土-水特性试验,得到全吸力范围内的土-水特征曲线。试验结果表明：初始孔隙比大致相同土样的土-水特征曲线,在低吸力范围内脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线具有明显的滞回现象。当吸力大于300 MPa时,土-水特征曲线的滞回效应基本消失,即脱湿曲线与吸湿曲线基本重合。滤纸法所测出的土-水特性落在主脱湿和主吸湿曲线的滞回圈内。当吸力等于367.54 MPa时,含水率仅为0.325%,几乎近于0。孔隙比随着吸力的变化规律中,不仅受到吸力大小的影响,还受到吸力历史和吸力路径影响;孔隙比与吸力关系中,相同吸力时吸湿路径的孔隙比要比脱湿路径的大;在吸力低范围,吸湿路径与脱湿路径的孔隙比相近。孔隙比与饱和度关系因吸力路径的不同也存在着明显的滞回效应,接近饱和时趋近一致。变吸力情况条件下,饱和度随着孔隙比的增加而增加,蒸汽平衡法得出的孔隙比与饱和度的关系具有明显的线性关系,而压力板法做出来的低吸力范围内的线性关系不明显。     

国产矿井瞬变电磁仪的性能试验研究——与进口Terratem仪器对比

为评价国产本安型矿井瞬变电磁仪YCS40(A)的稳定性及对异常体的分辨能力,特将其同井下使用较频繁的进口仪器TERRATEM做了试验对比.试验中,进行了二款仪器使用各自的常规装置展开单点背景值实验对比、对异常体的分辨能力实验对比和抗干扰能力等模拟实验对比.并在同一感应电动势-衰减时间(V-T)的坐标下考察二者的关断时间、感应电动势的幅值、光滑程度及衰减速率和尾期信号的抗干扰度等衡量仪器性能的硬性指标.最后通过井下实际工程实例剖面测量对比,表明国产YCS40(A)矿井瞬变电磁仪具有稳定性较好、抗干扰能力强、对异常体具有较强的分辨能力等优点,同时也感到该仪器探测窗口较少、感应时间短,当井下异常体埋深超过120 m时其分辨力的不足.     

Construction of variance-based metamodels for probabilistic seismic analysis and fragility assessment

Finite element models used in industrial studies for seismic structural reliability analysis are in general very complex and computationally intensive. This is due to the important number of degrees of freedom as well as due to advanced damage models and failure modes that have to be simulated. In consequence, reliability studies are feasible only by means of simpler surrogate models able to represent essential physics. Then the choice of an accurate surrogate or metamodel is crucial for uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis. The construction of a pertinent metamodel is however a not simple task when random uncertainties, not explained by the model parameters, have to be accounted for. This is the case for transient seismic analysis where the ground motion, an intrinsically random phenomena, is modelled by a stochastic process that cannot be entirely described by a set of parameters. In this paper, we construct a versatile metamodel based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition. The ANOVA decomposition provides a convenient framework allowing both for parametric uncertainties and for stochastic variability introduced by seismic load. We then compute fragility curves and perform sensitivity analysis.     

小波分析在测井数据融合处理中的应用

受各种干扰和人为因素影响,单的地球物理测井信号曲线存在多解性和局限性。本文综合利用多条测井信号所反映的地层信息,应用小波分析方法,采用多尺度分析理论重构小波变换系数模极值,从而将多条测井曲线信号融合成条参数曲线。通过对融合后的参数曲线解译,增强了原始测井曲线中所包含的共有信息,削弱了单条测井信号中存在的偶然误差,使测井数据的可信度大为提高。阐述了数据融合处理的原理与具体方法,并结合工程实际分析了应用实效。该方法有助于更好地分析和解决实际工程问题。     

基于多尺度资料的体系域划分及其意义——以渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段为例

不同体系域砂体分布和成藏特征存在明显的差别,正确划分体系域对于油气勘探,特别是隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义。相对于海相地层,由于陆相层序本身的复杂性,并不发育明显的坡折带,在进行体系域划分时,不同学者有不同的划分方案,无论在井上还是地震上很难把握各体系域界面的位置。针对这个问题,结合渤海海域沙垒田凸起东南部东二段体系域划分,提出利用多种不同尺度资料层层控制来划分低位域、湖泛域和高位域的思路方法。这种从尺度较大资料到较小尺度资料层层控制来划分体系域的思路方法,可以避免直接从井上来进行划分导致的错误结论,同时相对湖平面变化曲线法的引用,向建立渤海东营组层序划分的标准迈向了坚实一步。     

Baseline establishment for metals in the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Resource exploitation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is of major research interest worldwide, but its influence on the environment is poorly understood, especially due to the lack of baseline values for metals in the surrounding sediment. This work aimed to establish the baseline values of 17 metals (Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ag, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using normalization, the cumulative frequency curve method considering a total of 172 samples taken from 8 multitube cores and 1 box sediment core collected in the western CCZ during the COMRA-45 cruise campaign from August to September 2017. The baseline values of the evaluated metals were as follows: 1 932 mg/kg for Ba, 29 512 mg/kg for Ca, 18 150 mg/kg for K, 17 120 mg/kg for Mg, 6 747 mg/kg for Mn, 28 546 mg/kg for Na, 0.571 mg/kg for Ag, 5.00 mg/kg for As, 94.4 mg/kg for B, 0.626 mg/kg for Cd, 104 mg/kg for Co, 76.1 mg/kg for Cr, 370 mg/kg for Cu, 0.028 mg/kg for Hg, 190 mg/kg for Ni, 27.5 mg/kg for Pb and 156 mg/kg for Zn. Our findings would fill the baseline value gap in the study area and further improve accuracy of environmental impact assessments on the impact of resource exploitation.     

Determining crop acreage estimates for specific winter crops using shape attributes from sequential MODIS imagery

There are increasing societal and plant industry demands for more accurate, objective and near real-time crop production information to meet both economic and food security concerns. The advent of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite platform has augmented the capability of satellite-based applications to monitor large agricultural areas at acceptable pixel scale, cost and accuracy. Fitting parametric profiles to growing season vegetation index time series reduces the volume of data and provides simple quantitative parameters that relates to crop phenology (sowing date, flowering). In this study, we modelled various Gaussian profiles to time sequential MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) images over winter crops in Queensland, Australia. Three simple Gaussian models were evaluated in their effectiveness to identify and classify various winter crop types and coverage at both pixel and regional scales across Queensland's main agricultural areas. Equal to or greater than 93% classification accuracies were obtained in determining crop acreage estimates at pixel scale for each of the Gaussian modelled approaches. Significant high to moderate correlations (log-linear transformation) were also obtained for determining total winter crop (R² = 0.93) areas as well as specific crop acreage for wheat (R² = 0.86) and barley (R² = 0.83). Conversely, it was much more difficult to predict chickpea acreage (R² ≤ 0.26), mainly due to very large uncertainties in survey data. The quantitative approach utilised here further had additional benefits of characterising crop phenology in terms of length of growing season and providing regression diagnostics of how well the fitted profiles matched the EVI time series. The Gaussian curve models utilised here are novel in application and therefore will enhance the use and adoption of remote sensing technologies in targeted agricultural application. With innate simplicity and accuracies comparable to other more convoluted multi-temporal approaches it is a good candidate in determining total and specific crop acreage estimates in future national and global food security frameworks.     

矿区观测线的高程拟合程序设计

介绍了GPS高程转换的多项式曲线拟合模型在矿区变形监测观测线中的应用,编制了相应的高程转换程序并以实例加以验证,将拟合高程和水准测量高程进行比较,得出了在矿区一定范围内用GPS测量代替四等水准测量是可行的,从而大大地节省了人力、物力、财力,提高了工作效率。