云南漾濞6.4级地震强地面运动三要素基本特征分析

2021年5月21日云南漾濞发生6.4级地震,中国数字化强震动观测网络在主震中捕获28组加速度数据。对84条三分向加速度记录进行常规处理,计算出对应的地震动参数,并绘制震中附近水平向PGA和PGV等值线图,结果显示其走向和形态与震后烈度调查结果相近。将实际观测的相对持时进行曲线回归,求得相关系数,并据此计算出T_d(5%～95%)持时对应的震源持续时间在10.22～13.06 s间,与震源破裂过程反演结果基本一致。再通过分析近场6个台站记录的加速度反应谱,并与抗震设计谱比较,总结此次地震的频谱特性,为该区域抗震设防提供参考依据。     

兰州半荒漠植被区红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)种群数量动态

对兰州市永登县半荒漠植被区天然分布的红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)种群实地调查取样,利用红砂植株地径大小与相应年轮年龄的关系,得出回归方程,求出各地径对应年龄,编制静态生命表、分析动态指数、存活曲线、生存分析曲线。结果表明:各生境红砂种群均表现出新苗和幼株丰富,占种群株数的比例大;所有样地存活曲线均接近于Deevev-Ⅲ型(凹型);静态生命表显示,生境异质性,特别是水分差异,致使红砂种群表现出2种不同的环境适应策略;各生境种群动态指数均基本为正值,充分说明样地内的红砂种群基本处于发育状态,整体上是稳定增长的。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的混合像元分解

遥感图像中普通存在着混合像元。对这部分像元进行分类（即混合像元分解）是遥感图像处理中的难点。基于主分量分析的混合像元分解 法是一种较为成熟的算法，但它存在着计算量大，适应性差等缺点。在深入研究混合像元分解原理的基础上，提出了用径向基函数神经网络拟合分解结果超平面，以实现混合像元分解的算法，实验结果证明：该算法的结果与基于主分量分析的混合像元分解算法结果相近（相关系数达到0．00），而计算量大大减少，具有较强的适应性。     

MODIS 1B 影像条带检测与去除

MODIS 1B 影像中存在横向和纵向条带, 基于均衡化曲线补偿技术, 提出了一种快速检测和去除条带的 算法, 给出了条带检测判定参数, 即: 如果A帧和B 帧的10 组传感器校正系数Ci值分别位于0 的两侧, 且ABS(Ci)> 0.008, 则存在宽条带; 如果10 组传感器的校正系数MAX(Ci)>0.05 时, 则存在单行条带。去除宽条带时, 需以当前 列为首列, 从其后连续的100 列影像中提取各传感器相对当前列的校正系数。结果表明, 条带检测模型能有效识别 单行条带和宽条带, 多行条带需目视识     

钢铅组合防屈曲支撑的滞回性能与参数研究

为简化防屈曲支撑的加工工艺,提高防屈曲支撑的初始刚度和在小变形下的耗能能力,基于现有防屈曲支撑在截面形式与构造方式上的特点,提出了一种新型钢铅组合防屈曲支撑并进行了构造设计。通过有限元数值模拟,分析了钢铅组合防屈曲支撑的耗能特性与效果,建立了恢复力简化模型,并根据理想弹塑性材料本构关系推导出滞回规则。通过对不同设计参数的理论分析和数值模拟,分析了钢铅屈服力比、铅剪切面长宽比、核心段宽厚比和耗能段长度等参数对防屈曲支撑滞回性能的影响。研究结果表明,钢铅组合防屈曲支撑能够提供较大的抗侧刚度,耗能效果良好,加工工艺简单,适合工程应用。     

Global surface wave inversion with model constraints‡

Practical applications of surface wave inversion demand reliable inverted shear‐wave profiles and a rigorous assessment of the uncertainty associated to the inverted parameters. As a matter of fact, the surface wave inverse problem is severely affected by solution non‐uniqueness: the degree of non‐uniqueness is closely related to the complexity of the observed dispersion pattern and to the experimental inaccuracies in dispersion measurements. Moreover, inversion pitfalls may be connected to specific problems such as inadequate model parametrization and incorrect identification of the surface wave modes. Consequently, it is essential to tune the inversion problem to the specific dataset under examination to avoid unnecessary computations and possible misinterpretations. In the heuristic inversion algorithm presented in this paper, different types of model constraints can be easily introduced to bias constructively the solution towards realistic estimates of the 1D shear‐wave profile. This approach merges the advantages of global inversion, like the extended exploration of the parameter space and a theoretically rigorous assessment of the uncertainties on the inverted parameters, with the practical approach of Lagrange multipliers, which is often used in deterministic inversion, which helps inversion to converge towards models with desired properties (e.g., ‘smooth’ or ‘minimum norm' models). In addition, two different forward kernels can be alternatively selected for direct‐problem computations: either the conventional modal inversion or, instead, the direct minimization of the secular function, which allows the interpreter to avoid mode identification. A rigorous uncertainty assessment of the model parameters is performed by posterior covariance analysis on the accepted solutions and the modal superposition associated to the inverted models is investigated by full‐waveform modelling. This way, the interpreter has several tools to address the more probable sources of inversion pitfalls within the framework of a rigorous and well‐tested global inversion algorithm. The effectiveness and the versatility of this approach, as well as the impact of the interpreter's choices on the final solution and on its posterior uncertainty, are illustrated using both synthetic and real data. In the latter case, the inverted shear velocity profiles are blind compared with borehole data.     

机载LiDAR点云数据中电力线的提取方法研究

提出了一种基于机载LiDAR点云数据的电力线提取方法。首先在进行LiDAR数据滤波的基础上,分离地面点与非地面点;然后针对非地面点采取一种基于角度的滤波方法,分离非地面点中的植被点与电力线点,对电力线点,采用二维Hough变换进一步分离各条电力线点;最后使用双曲余弦函数模型,对单条电力线进行曲线拟合。实验结果表明,该方法能够从LiDAR点云数据中较完整地提取出电力线点,电力线点提取正确率达96.2%,并能够对电力线走廊进行三维重建。     

基于不同拟合方法的圆曲线综合不确定性模型

分别利用直线、圆曲线与多项式曲线的拟合空间曲线实体,估计出拟合曲线与真实曲线之间的模型误差,建立包含模型误差与法线方向位置误差的曲线综合误差带模型。并通过算例证明了含有模型误差的综合误差带模型能更好地反应圆曲线的位置不确定性。     

Effects of entrapped residual air bubbles on tracer transport in heterogeneous soil: Magnetic resonance imaging study

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the process of infiltration and solute transport in an undisturbed soil sample of coarse sandy loam. The sample was subjected to the recurrent ponded infiltration (RPI) experiment, which was carried out in order to assess the changes in the entrapped air volume and its impact on steady state flow rates and solute breakthrough. The main stages of the first and second experimental RPI runs were monitored using an MRI sequence that follows both water density and magnetic relaxation. In a steady state stage of each experimental run a nickel nitrate pulse was injected in order to visualize the solute breakthrough. Effluent from the sample was collected for chemical analysis and a breakthrough curve of the nickel was constructed. To obtain information about the soil structure and to reveal potential preferential pathways, the soil sample was scanned using computed tomography. The local nickel ion transport breakthrough was evaluated from MR images in a series of local observation points distributed along the selected preferential pathways.The preferential flow instability phenomenon with the emphasis on air bubble formation was shown by detecting a 60% decrease of the steady state infiltration rate. The detailed analyses of MRI measurements at observation points revealed air bubble formation, producing a flow rate decrease accompanied by redirection of nickel ion transport trajectories. By analyzing M0 maps it was found that the volumetric water content decrease was 2.2%.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs