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Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.     

Generation of reactive oxygen species in different fractions of the coelomocytes of holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix in response to the thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in vitro

Pure fraction (92%–95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes (62%) and morula cells (38%)-FPMC- of the holothurianEupentacta fraudatrix' (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) were obtained by using ficoll-verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at different concentrations (0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in concentration-dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 h treatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5-fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians. This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research Grant (No. 00-04-48949).     

贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中晶体石英形成条件分析:氧同位素证据

贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中的晶体石英具有较强的测年潜力,其成因判别是年代学研究的前提和基础。对黔北、黔东地区3个碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面中的晶体石英和圆状石英进行了研究,拟通过晶体石英的δ18O值探讨其形成条件。结果表明,晶体石英的δ18O值在17.3‰～22.7‰范围内,平均为19.8‰,与火成岩、变质岩及热水(液)沉积中高温成因石英δ18O值明显不同;与砂岩中的碎屑石英、现代海滨砂中的石英以及风成沉积物中的石英等混合来源石英的δ18O值也有差异;尽管黔东大兴剖面中晶体石英和圆状石英的δ18O值相近,但它们的硅氧同位素相关关系不同,它们具有不同的成因;晶体石英的δ18O值分布在低温成因石英δ18O值范围内,这与其中未见两相包裹体的现象一致。结合实际资料和已有认识,推断晶体石英是包气带地表温度(15～25℃)条件下缓慢生长形成的;其形成过程与碳酸盐岩风化成土的两阶段模式密切相关:酸不溶物风化形成的含硅流体向下淋滤至风化壳底部后被圈闭在已形成的孔隙、空洞中,由于蒸发作用达到过饱和而缓慢结晶形成晶体石英。     

元岭金矿蚀变破碎带特征及其找矿意义

根据对元岭金矿三条蚀变破碎带一般地质特征、微量元素特征的对比研究，并借鉴邻近矿区蚀变破碎带的矿化特征，本文阐明了元岭蚀变破碎带矿化的有利构造部位，总结了蚀变破碎带特征与矿化强度之间的关系，指出蚀变破碎带的矿化蚀变元素为中低温组合，矿化蚀变愈强则参与元素的种类愈多、数量愈大。围岩性质对矿化蚀变有一定影响，围岩中的易迁移亲铜元素和亲硫铁族无素对矿化有利。据此，为进一步成矿预测、评价蚀变破碎带的含矿性提供依据。     

A TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ROTIFER COMMUNITIES IU KROTTENSEE (AUSTRIA)

The composition and distribution of benthic, periphytic and planktonic rotifers in different habitatsin Krottensee were investigated. Sixty-five rotifer taxa were identified, their relative abundance estimated. Classification of the data set by cluster analysis allowed the recognition of distinct habitat groupe con-fined to acid bog ponds, macrophytes, sediments, and open water. Five groups of rotifer taxa were identifiedon the basis of their habitat preferences and the occurrence of the taxa. Highest diversities were found onmacrophytes and in acid bog ponds.     

A taxonomical and ecological survey of rotiffer communities in Krottensee (Austria)

The composition and distribution of benthic, periphytic and planktonic rotifers in different habitats in Krottensee were investigated. Sixty-five rotifer taxa were identified, their relative abundance estimated. Classification of the data set by cluster analysis allowed the recognition of distinct habitat groups confined to acid bog ponds, macrophytes, sediments and open water. Five groups of rotifer taxa were identified on the basis of their habitat preferences and the occurrence of the taxa. Highest diversities were found on macrophytes and in acid bog ponds.     

多级次地下水流系统的最小能耗率原理初探

20世纪60年代初期,Tóth基于定水头上边界条件推导出解析解,得出多级次地下水流系统,是水文地质学里程碑式的突破,成功地解决了一系列理论和实际问题。但Tóth解析解存在的缺陷也长期沿袭：单纯重视数学模拟而忽视物理机制;将地形控制地下水位看成是普适性规律;忽视给定水头上边界数学模拟的失真。这些缺陷,尤其是忽视物理机制探究,不仅妨碍Tóth理论自身发展,而且导致地下水流系统理论尚未被国际水文地质界普遍接受。参照河流动力学中应用的最小能耗率原理,类比提出地下水流最小能耗率的表达式。基于已有的通量上边界地下水流模式数值模拟结果,进一步探究物理机制,归纳得出地下水流系统遵循最小能耗率原理的结论。     

基于信息熵的岩溶水监测网优化:以徐州市典型水源地为例

在各级水利与自然资源部门地下水监测数据共享机制逐步完善背景下,针对日益凸显的原有监测系统中存在的监测井布局不合理问题以及岩溶含水系统具有的非均质性和各向异性特征,选取徐州市丁楼-茅村和七里沟2个典型水源地,分别采用互信息-距离(T-D)和最大信息最小冗余(MIMR)模型对研究区监测网信息冗余性和最优监测井组合进行了研究。结果显示：丁楼-茅村水源地水位监测数据离散程度、信息熵、信息传递量和信息衰减速率均大于七里沟水源地,2个水源地在ε取10^-1时的水位信息有效传递距离分别为4.7,4.8 km,指示出两地相似的岩溶发育程度和水力传导性能。通过对比监测井控制范围的实际值和理论值发现2个水源地监测井之间均存在信息冗余。现有监测条件下,丁楼-茅村水源地最优监测井数为6眼,最优监测井组合为D1-D2-D4-D5-D7-D9;七里沟水源地最优监测井数量为5眼,最优组合为Q1-Q3-Q4-Q5-Q7。将优化结果与原监测网相比,2个水源地监测井数量均减少3眼,分别能提供原监测网信息总量的98.5%,94.9%,监测网控制范围分别下降0.4%,1.2%,信息冗余量分别减少49.0%...