江苏沿江地区的空间结构与区域发展

江苏沿江地区的空间结构是距上海市距离和到最近长江港口距离２个因素综合作用的结果,据此可由江苏沿江地区人均ＧＤＰ的分布状态而反推出上海市市区的人均ＧＤＰ值。近１０年来该地区的长江南侧形成了一条新的发展轴线,表明苏南的区域空间结构已 基本成型。就港口与区域的关系而言,该地区的长江南北两侧,均遵循港口与区域与互动的协调发展模式。这一发展规律的揭示,对轴线尚未成型的江北区域的发展,具有重要的指导意义。在此     

Communities as the agents of commodification: The Kumbo Water Authority in Northwest Cameroon

In 1991 the people of the town of Kumbo in Northwest Cameroon expelled the national water corporation from town by force. They claimed to be retrieving a network that the community rightfully owned and they began to run the system along community lines. The paper tells the story of that water supply twice. First it reproduces the popular accounts that circulated in the 1990s that emphasize the role played by the community in the development and operation of the water supply and portray recent events as a triumph of community management. Then it retells the story using archive evidence that puts a quite different light on some of the events. It is argued that the emphasis on community management has a tendency to obscure other important aspects of the story, for example its political context and consequences. It is suggested that the widespread admiration for any initiative that is community based often results in an uncritical analysis of this form of development project. In this case the commodification of water accelerates after the community has wrested control of this public service from the state.     

城市旅游与城市发展协调关系的定量评价——以杭州市为例

根据对城市旅游与城市发展协调性概念的界定,从城市经济水平、社会发展、公共交通、城市绿化、环境保护和旅游水平等6个方面,构建了城市旅游与城市发展协调性评价指标体系,并运用熵权TOPSIS法,对杭州市2001～2009年的城市旅游与城市发展协调性进行了定量评价。结果发现:杭州市9年间城市旅游与城市发展协调系数呈现持续递增趋势,2009年为0.8043,达到"非常协调"等级水平。尽管如此,但各年之间的改善系数却并未呈现出逐年递增的趋势。随着城市发展水平的提高,杭州市旅游与城市发展存在同步推进规律,两者之间协调状态会持续朝着理想最优方向推进。然而,各年协调状态改善程度非持续递增现象说明杭州城市旅游与城市发展协调状态存在"恶化"的风险,需要对其密切关注。     

企业网络发育程度与区域创新能力研究

本文从分析企业网络的发育和完善程度出发，探讨影响网络创新能力的因素。文章指出，网络发育程度与创新能力(创新数量、创新发生的频率)是正相关的。从宏观上讲网络越密集、各种正式和非正式联系越有效、网络联系越稳定、网络自我更新能力越强、网络的开放性越强、网络越能根植于当地的良好的区域环境，越容易激发创新；从微观上讲，网络中行为主体的学习能力越强，其创新发生频率越高，创新能力越强。     

黄河、辽河三角洲农业发展的比较研究

黄河三角洲和辽河三角洲是中国北方两个有代表性的大河三角洲，通过比较农业发展的自然条件，结构状况，历史和发展趋势，分析了它们的共性和差异，在此基础上提出了中国北方三角洲实现农业可持续发展的途径；通过水土整治工程，形成农业可持续发展的环境条件和基础设施，通过生态农业和生态工程，形成农业可持续发展的技术模式和良性循环，通过结构调整和农村经济社会的发展，形成农业可持续发展的宏观调控和支持保障系统。     

资源管理的系统基模模式及其讨论

资源的利用涉及到社会、经济和自然的复杂系统，此系统具有补偿性的反馈结构和非线性行为的特点。如果没有认识到这些特征，资源管理的决策会引起更为严重的后果。运用系统基模的分析手段，可以更好地总结自然资源管理中出现的问题和其结构特征，有效地提高管理人员和研究人员认识、分析、预见和管理资源的能力，提高政策的长期有效性。文章通过分析公共的悲剧、增长的极限、缺少及时的有效投资、不可避免的波动、转嫁问题和扩大的冲突6种资源管理系统基模的行为和结构的定势，介绍了系统基模在自然资源管理中的运用。     

基于“点—轴系统”理论的城市群边界识别

合理界定城市群的边界是认识和研究城市群的必然要求,也是通过空间规划落实区域功能空间布局和发展指向的基础条件。然而,社会各界对城市群的概念尚未达成统一的认识,对城市群空间范围的理解更是莫衷一是。为此,本文从经济地理学的"点—轴系统"理论出发,对城市群的概念进行了梳理,并提出判别城市群边界的4个步骤:一是分析对象区域是否存在若干发育良好的中心城市;二是分析这个区域的城市体系是否健全,是否具有较好的资源和环境条件;三是分析城市之间是否具有较强的社会经济联系,使之具有一体化发展的社会经济基础;四是通过对城市群实际生长边界的判别,对"点—轴系统"的发育程度进行评估,从而对该区域是否已经形成城市群进行判断。较之以往的学术研究,强调城市群的发育程度也应该作为城市群判别的重要条件,同时,也通过POI数据的Densi-Graph分析提出了判别城市群发育程度的方法。基于此,对京津冀及全国主要地区城市群的形成和发育进行了分析。结果表明,长三角城市群和珠三角城市群发展较为成熟,京津冀城市群一体化程度较之偏低,长江中游城市群和成渝城市群则尚处于形成阶段。这些结论对于客观认识城市群以及制定城市群未来发展的目标和战略具有重要意义,可为多层次的空间规划和管理政策提供参考。     

长江三峡地区经济开发条件分析

长江三峡地区区域地理位置重要，区位优势明显，开发意义重大；区内农业、水能、矿产和旅游等优势自然资源丰富，组合配置良好，开发潜力巨大；区域经济开发的交通、能源、出入通道等基础条件已基本具备。     

快速城市化过程中的深圳东部海岸地貌环境与可持续发展

The geomorphological environment is one of the most fundamental variables af-fecting the development of human society.The mission of geomorphological environment research is to explore the most basic environment and features of our Earth’s surface mor-phology.The results can be applied to resource evaluation,environmental protection and reducing and preventing geological disasters.Thus,it can serve to help achieve sustainable development.This paper examines the Shenzhen east coastal zone as a case strongly in-fluenced by urban expansion.We use modern geomorphological theory and methods,along with GIS and RS techniques,to reveal key characteristics of the geomorphological environ-ment and landform classification.Furthermore,coastal ecosystem evaluation and regional resources sustainable utilization should be considered relative to the corresponding geo-morphological environment.Based on this study,we conclude that modern geomorphological theory and methods,supported by "3S" techniques including GIS,RS and GPS,can play an important role in resolving the environment,resources and population problems as well as sustainable development challenges facing humankind at present.     

Engaging Diasporas for Development: a case study of Pitcairn Island

Diaspora engagement is a growing trend and many governments, international organisations and policy makers are increasingly focusing on the role of diaspora in development strategies for the homelands. Such policies are predominantly critical to island-dense regions such as the Caribbean and Pacific that have suffered high rates of outmigration during the postcolonial period. One such Pacific island is Pitcairn, a British Overseas Territory, and is the focus of this article. But while most of the literature focuses on the positive benefits of diaspora engagement, this paper examines the dynamics of diaspora (dis)engagement and (dis)affection. Each diaspora has a unique set of needs and capabilities based on its historical experience and the present realities of its countries of origin and destination. While much has been written celebrating the role of diasporas in development, diaspora have also shown themselves to have dual natures, with sometimes conflicting identities and allegiances. Based on analysis of a recent Pitcairn Diaspora Survey and ethnographic data, discussion in this paper reveals that the best intentions of engaging diaspora for development can be impeded by several factors including: (1) the complex nature of identity, place and politics; (2) difficult negotiations between past, present and future intentions of movers; and (3) shifting ‘roots/routes’ and boundaries of identification. Consequently, the paper aims to highlight the realities of settlement and relationships of diaspora space and subjectivity with the homeland.