Inter‐laboratory Characterisation of Apatite Reference Materials for Chlorine Isotope Analysis

Here we report on a set of six apatite reference materials (chlorapatites MGMH#133648, TUBAF#38 and fluorapatites MGMH#128441A, TUBAF#37, 40, 50) which we have characterised for their chlorine isotope ratios; these RMs span a range of Cl mass fractions within the apatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(F,Cl,OH)₂ solid solution series. Numerous apatite specimens, obtained from mineralogical collections, were initially screened for ³⁷Cl/³⁵Cl homogeneity using SIMS followed by δ³⁷Cl characterisation by gas source mass spectrometry using both dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow modes. We also report major and key trace element compositions as determined by EPMA. The repeatability of our SIMS results was better than ± 0.10‰ (1s) for the five samples with > 0.5 % m/m Cl and ± 0.19‰ (1s) for the low Cl abundance material (0.27% m/m). We also observed a small, but significant crystal orientation effect of 0.38‰ between the mean ³⁷Cl/³⁵Cl ratios measured on three oriented apatite fragments. Furthermore, the results of GS‐IRMS analyses show small but systematic offset of δ³⁷Cl_SMOC values between the three laboratories. Nonetheless, all studied samples have comparable chlorine isotope compositions, with mean 10³δ³⁷Cl_SMOC values between +0.09 and +0.42 and in all cases with 1s ≤ ± 0.25.     

GRAPES模式中的坡地辐射方案及其对短期天气过程模拟的影响

为了改进太阳短波辐射参数化, 在非静力中尺度模式GRAPES (全球/区域同化和预报系统) 中考虑了坡地辐射 (SLOPE), 并着重讨论其在不同分辨率情况下对我国短期天气过程的影响.数值试验结果表明: 地形坡度和坡向对地表短波辐射 (GSW) 计算有较大的影响, 与没有考虑坡地作用的参考运行 (FLAT) 相比, 早晨和傍晚的GSW最小可减小60%以下, 最大也可增加60%以上, 比一天中其他时间和平均值大得多.在江淮流域一次梅雨锋降水过程中, 坡地辐射参数化方案的引入对降水模拟有较明显的影响, 特别在高分辨率 (6 km) 情况下, 降水的增加和减小不仅发生在GSW改变比较大的地区, 且与复杂地形有较好的相关性.另外, 由于地形坡度和坡向引起地表温度的改变与地表热通量的变化一致, 且也发生在地形起伏的多山地区.因此, 当水平分辨率较高且地形陡峭起伏时, 应当包含坡地辐射.     

秦岭大陆碰撞金成矿机制与金矿带时空定位

通过分析秦岭巨型金矿带内353处岩金矿床的时空分布特征发现,带内矿化强弱变化有序,由NE向SW依次分出小秦岭-熊耳山强矿化带、北秦岭弱矿化带、中秦岭强矿化带、南秦岭弱矿化带和松潘-甘孜强矿化带5个亚带。它们的成矿时代始于印支期,经燕山期,终于喜马拉雅早期。其中小秦岭-熊耳山亚带主成矿期为燕山晚期,中秦岭亚带主成矿期为燕山早期,松潘-甘孜亚带主成矿期为燕山晚期至喜马拉雅早期。金矿带时空定位在于控矿构造带的时空定位。空间上,控矿构造带包容金矿带或基本一致;时间上,金矿带与控矿构造带基本同步或滞后。金矿带时空变化原因在于控矿构造带的构造迁移,从控矿构造带的主断面向两侧迁移,迁移速率0．78～3．5km／Ma。金矿带及其控矿构造带的形成和迁移原因在于大陆碰撞。大陆碰撞及其俯冲带下插构造位的加深,依次形成变质岩及变质成矿热液-改造系列花岗岩及气液成矿流体-同熔系列花岗岩及超临界成矿流体。不同构造位的成矿流体特征不同,形成不同矿床成因类型。成矿流体上升形式和构造空间不同,形成不同的矿化类型。     

基于仿射变换的数字影像内定向的误差控制分析

数字化摄影测量生产中的误差来源众多,尤其是系统误差常常很突出。针对这个问题,首先深入分析了附有未知数的仿射变换控制模型参数的误差估计,然后利用误差传播定律和误差综合原理,推导出了任意非检控点经仿射变换后输出数据精度的计算公式,并通过数值分析从理论上验证了用四个角框标进行数字影像内定向是最佳误差控制方案。     

Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.     

能力培养为导向的实践课程改革与设计

大学实践课程是培养学生创新、创业实践能力的重要环节,本文在新工科实验课程建设中,提出了以能力培养为导向的实践课程设计思路,旨在培养适应当今新技术、新产业、新模式快速变革时代的创新性工程科技人才。本文将传统的验证性实践课程调整为“目标设定、方案规划及实施”的设计型实验课程,强调学生在实践中的主体地位,遵循实践能力培养的规律,引导学生在实践中重参与、重思考、重实施、重过程。同时,将行业的最新发展、最新变革反映在实践教学课程中,增加了新型传感器及混合云人机协作数据处理平台,确保学生获取的知识和技术与快速发展的行业水平相接轨。本文以摄影测量实习课程改革为例,实践证明,课程的实施对于培养学生综合分析设计、创造性解决专业问题的能力取得了较好的效果。     

Large-time response of ice cover to a load moving along a frozen channel

Unsteady response of an ice cover in a channel with vertical walls is studied for large times. The ice deflection is caused by a load moving along the frozen channel at a constant speed. The ice cover is modelled as a thin elastic plate clamped to the walls of the channel. The time-dependent problem is solved by using the Fourier transform along the channel and the method of separating variables. In the system moving along the channel together with the load, the large-time deflection of the ice cover consists of steady deflection and standing waves in front and behind the load. The number of waves, their frequencies and wavenumbers depend on the speed of the load and the values of the critical speeds for the channel. The number of the waves and their amplitudes are calculated for a given load and its speed. The maximum stress in the ice as a function of the load speed is estimated.     

深海滑坡灾害的物质点法模拟

深海滑坡可以沿着斜坡搬运大量沉积物,是危害巨大的海洋地质灾害之一。评估深海滑坡的流滑机制并量化分析其对海底结构物的冲击对海洋资源的开发利用至关重要。采用物质点法对滑坡的滑动特性进行了总应力分析。设计了三组不同的土体、海床参数,展现了三种不同的滑动形态:延展、块体和扩张。随后复现了流滑体对部分暴露管线的冲击过程,并对冲击力的稳定值进行了分析,分析中考虑了流滑体的惯性、抗剪强度和静压力的影响。研究表明,物质点法能够用于模拟深海滑坡的流滑过程及其对海底结构物的冲击,可以为海洋工程中的实际设计工作提供服务。