Aerosol properties and air pollutants over an urban area

For a better understanding of urban aerosols, sun/sky photometry has been undertaken at the Kinki University campus in Higashi-Osaka as a NASA/AERONET station since 2002. A new instrument, the SPM-613D (Kimoto Electric), has been taking measurements at the same site since March 15, 2004. The relationship between aerosol properties obtained from radiometry with AERONET and the SPM measurements is examined. It is found that there is a linear correlation between SPM concentrations and aerosol properties, which indicates that aerosol characteristics can be estimated from SPM data, and vice versa.It is also shown that the air quality of the Higashi-Osaka site is poor due to not only the anthropogenic particles by local emissions, such as diesel vehicles and chemical industries, but also due to the dust particles coming from continental desert areas by large scale climatic conditions.     

垃圾渗滤液污染晕中污染物的衰减规律研究

通过实验室土柱模拟实验,研究垃圾渗滤液污染晕中不同污染物在空间和时间上的迁移转化规律和生物地球化学作用机理。实验结果表明：渗滤液污染晕中,TOC浓度随距离增加而降低,其初期去除率为99.87%。随着时间的延长,TOC浓度升高,末期去除率仅为55.21%,而且其在地下环境中的迁移能力较强;铵氮空间上的变化规律在初期与TOC相似,其去除率达99.58%,但后期其浓度随距离的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。随着时间的延长,铵氮浓度不断升高,但其迁移能力不及TOC,末期去除率仍高达90.21%。     

Multi-residues of organic pollutants in surface sediments from littoral areas of the Yellow Sea, China

Concentrations of all studied organic pollutants, except for DDTs, were greatest at sites in Dalian Bay, where surface sediment concentrations of PHCs, PAHs, PCBs and DDTs exceeded the corresponding ERL values. The sum concentration of DDTs was greatest in Haizhou Bay exceeding the related ERM value. In terms of compositions of PAHs and PAEs, the predominant components were the MMW and HMW compounds, DBP and DEHP, respectively. The main degradation product of p,p'-DDT was p,p'-DDD at most sampling sites. The principal sources of PAHs and DDTs involved various pyrolytic processes (i.e., combustion of biomass and vehicle exhaust), and application of technical DDT (in the form of impurity or raw material), and a mixture of technical DDT and technical dicofol. Moreover, the coastal site with greatest potential ecological risk from total PAHs was located in Dalian Bay, while the littoral areas of Dalian Bay, two harbor cities (Yantai-Weihai), Jiaozhou Bay, and Haizhou Bay, had relatively high potential risk from DDTs, especially in Haizhou Bay.     

常压微波技术萃取土壤中有机氯农药

利用常压微波萃取技术提取土壤样品，经佛罗里硅土柱净化后用气相色谱检测（电子捕获检测器）其中13种有机氯农药。试验了丙酮／正己烷混合溶液的提取条件，考察了提取时间、提取温度和提取功率对提取效率的影响，并与索氏提取及超声波提取进行比较。在优化的萃取条件下，常压微波萃取20min重复测定的平均回收率为84．26％-105．2％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）为0．52％-18．6％。方法的检出限为0．033—0．853ng／g。     

三门峡水库黄河河漫滩沉积柱有机氯农药垂直分布特征

沉积柱取于三门峡水库黄河河漫滩,总长549 cm,采用GC-ECD气相色谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别测定了沉积物中有机氯农药的质量分数和矿物成分.研究结果表明,有14种有机氯农药检出,它们在泥质层中的质量分数明显高于沙质层,质量分数较高的组分有HCHs、Endrin和DDTs.HCHs的平均质量分数大于DDTs,前者在表层沉积物中富集,后者则在表层沉积物中明显减少.DDTs与黏土矿物呈正相关,与碎屑矿物呈负相关,与碳酸盐矿物没有显著相关性.     

北京首钢地区大气颗粒物中有机污染物的初步研究

对北京首钢地区大气颗粒物中有机物浓度、族组成及其饱和烃、多环芳烃的组成和分布特征进行了研究.在大气颗粒物中共检测出40多种多环芳烃, 其中属于美国国家环保局(EPA) 优先控制污染物9种, 且大多具有致癌和致突变性.根据生标特征, 有机污染物主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧, 部分来源于汽车尾气的排放.燃煤对首钢地区造成的污染更为严重.