柴达木盆地新近纪叠层石中微生物化石组合的发现与钙化方式研究

在柴达木盆地西部新近纪叠层石纹层中第一次明确发现了保存完好的微生物化石,其中包括微米级别的微生物球状构造,亚微米级的生物颗粒构造以及矿化的席状和片状有机组织。结合目前国内外的研究成果可以确定暗层中微米级球状构造为类似于Coccoid的硫还原微生物,亚微米的球状颗粒一方面是叠层石微生物席胞外聚合物质(EPS)的重要组成部分,另一方面也是极端条件下微生物体脱水收缩以后的产物,而片状和席状构造则是矿化的EPS以及微生物膜。通过对亮层和暗层中生物构造、石英、石盐以及方解石矿物的分析,可以确定叠层石的形成过程分为暗层有机主动矿化和亮层无机原地沉淀,其中的暗层矿化则分为上层封闭酸性环境中的光合作用,以及下层相对封闭环境中的硫还原和EPS的降解钙化作用,上部的亮层则主要为原地沉淀无机成因并在成岩过程中受到了暗层中有机质的影响。     

烃源岩中矿物沥青基质成烃潜力探讨

烃源岩中存在大量矿物沥青基质，目前对其成烃潜力知之甚少。本文以酒东盆地侏罗系和白垩系烃源岩为例，从矿物沥青基质与有机显微组分，无机矿物、有机质丰度、有机质类型，有机质成熟度的关系及其荧光变化特点探讨其组成及成烃潜力，结果表明，矿物沥青基质中有机质含量低，且以次生有机质为主，原生有机质含量较少，成烃潜力有限。     

Spring–summer cycling of DOC, DON and inorganic N in a highly seasonal system encompassing the Northeast Water Polynya, 1993

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic nutrient concentrations were determined in samples from an area encompassing the Northeast Water Polynya from June to August 1993. In June, still ice-covered polynya area surface waters (PySW) had significantly higher (p<0.05) DOC concentrations (110 μM, n=68) than surface water outside the polynya area (96 μM, n=6). Melting ice and ice algae are suggested as DOC sources. DOC concentrations found in this study are consistent with other studies showing higher DOC concentrations in the Arctic than in other ocean areas. As the productive season progressed, DOC concentrations in Polynya surface water (PySW) decreased (p<0.05) from 110 to 105 μM, while DON concentrations increased (p<0.05) from 5.6 to 6.1 μM, causing a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the C : N ratios of DOM from spring (C : N ratio 20) to summer (C : N ratio 17). We found a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the DOM C : N ratio in all water masses within the polynya area as the productive season progressed. DON was the largest fraction of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in PySW and surface waters outside the polynya area. TDN was calculated as the sum of DON, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium concentrations. DON increased (p<0.05) from 62% to 73% of TDN in PySW from spring to summer, a result of increasing DON concentrations and decreasing inorganic nitrogen concentrations over the productive season. The seasonal accumulation of DON and the corresponding decrease in nitrate concentrations in waters with primary production indicate that it is important to take the DON pool into account when estimating export production from nitrate concentration decreases in surface waters. PySW TDN concentrations decreased (p<0.05) from 9.1 (n=61) to 8.6 μM (n=60) from spring (May 25 through June 19) to summer (July 1 through July 27). The seasonal decrease in surface water TDN concentrations corresponded to increases in TDN concentrations in deeper water masses within the Polynya. Most of the TDN increase in deep water was in the form of DON. A possible explanation is that PON was dissolved (partially remineralized) in the water column at mid depths, causing increases in the DON concentration. Transfer of N from PySW (with a short residence time in the polynya area) to Polynya Intermediate Water and deep waters of the Norske and Westwind Trough with multi-year residence times keeps N from leaving the polynya area. In spring, nutrients from degradation of OM in PyIW could support primary production. The role of PyIW as an OM trap could be important in supporting primary production in the polynya area.     

海南岛东部地区土地利用方式对土壤有机碳与 易氧化有机碳的影响

以海南岛东部地区的4种土地利用方式（水田、抛荒地、果园、橡胶林地）的土壤为研究对象,通过对其SOC（土壤有机碳）和ROC（土壤易氧化有机碳）质量分数的测定,分析不同土地利用方式下SOC以及ROC的分布特征。结果表明：研究区的土地利用方式对SOC与ROC具有显著影响,土地利用方式通过影响植被凋落物、根系以及耕作方式、施肥收割等管理措施影响SOC及ROC的分布特征。就整个土壤剖面（0~30 cm）而言,不同土地利用方式下SOC质量分数的分布特征表现为水田＞抛荒地＞果园＞橡胶林地;各土地利用方式下SOC在表层土壤中质量分数最高,并随着土壤层的加深逐渐递减。水田、果园和橡胶林地土壤的ROC质量分数随着土壤深度的加深而逐渐降低,抛荒地呈现出先减少后增加的趋势。不同土地利用方式下土壤ROC质量分数表现为抛荒地＞水田＞果园＞橡胶林地。ROC质量分数的高低顺序与SOC质量分数基本相同。土壤的SOC质量分数是影响ROC质量分数变化的重要因素,相关性分析结果表明：水田、抛荒地和橡胶林地的SOC与ROC质量分数呈极显著正相关,而果园的SOC与ROC质量分数呈显著正相关。4种土地利用方式中水田土壤ROC的分配比例较低,说明水田的SOC稳定性相对于其他土地利用方式较高,有利于土壤碳的储存。     

Diurnal variability in riverine dissolved organic matter composition determined by in situ optical measurement in the San Joaquin River (California,USA)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and composition in riverine and stream systems are known to vary with hydrological and productivity cycles over the annual and interannual time scales. Rivers are commonly perceived as homogeneous with respect to DOM concentration and composition, particularly under steady flow conditions over short time periods. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of short term variability (<1 day) on DOM dynamics. This study examined whether diurnal processes measurably altered DOM concentration and composition in the hypereutrophic San Joaquin River (California) during a relatively quiescent period. We evaluated the efficacy of using optical in situ measurements to reveal changes in DOM which may not be evident from bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurement alone. The in situ optical measurements described in this study clearly showed for the first time diurnal variations in DOM measurements, which have previously been related to both composition and concentration, even though diurnal changes were not well reflected in bulk DOC concentrations. An apparent asynchronous trend of DOM absorbance and chlorophyll‐a in comparison to chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence and spectral slope S_290–350 suggests that no one specific CDOM spectrophotometric measurement explains absolutely DOM diurnal variation in this system; the measurement of multiple optical parameters is therefore recommended. The observed diurnal changes in DOM composition, measured by in situ optical instrumentation likely reflect both photochemical and biologically‐mediated processes. The results of this study highlight that short‐term variability in DOM composition may complicate trends for studies aiming to distinguish different DOM sources in riverine systems and emphasizes the importance of sampling specific study sites to be compared at the same time of day. The utilization of in situ optical technology allows short‐term variability in DOM dynamics to be monitored and serves to increase our understanding of its processing and fundamental role in the aquatic environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西金山金矿床成矿流体地球化学及矿床成因讨论

对金山韧性剪切带型金矿床石英及方解石中流体包裹体的研究表明:成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度和低密度的特征;富含Ca2 ,Mg2 ,SO42-,CO2等;主要来源有变质热流体、富含有机质的大气降水形成的热流体和深源流体;流体的性质在时间和空间上都有一定的变化,矿床的形成主要是两期流体成矿作用的结果,是热液与构造的耦合;不同种类流体的混合、单一流体不混溶分离作用和盐水体系中有机质的参与是矿床形成的关键因素.     

上海地区浅层地下水有机污染基本特征

上海地区浅层地下水中含有不同种类的有机物,大多数检出浓度相对较低,并呈散点状空间分布特征。局部地段存在有机物聚集与含量偏高,与以往的工业污染源关系密切。环境治理成效的显现将使地下水中有机物的检出与含量进一步降低。     

气候因素对土壤有机质组成和性质的影响

云南省哀牢山徐家坝自然保护区不同海拔的土壤有机质组成和性质与气候因素的相关分析结果表明，土壤有机质的组成（Ｈ／Ｆ），胡敏酸的光学特征（Ｅ＿４／Ｅ＿６）和ＣａＣｌ＿２的絮凝极限（ＦＬ值），除ＦＬ和Ｅ＿４／Ｅ＿６与年均降雨量不呈显著相关关系外，其它数值均与年均温、≥１０℃积温和年均降雨量呈显著（ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝７）的相关关系，并服从一元二次方程Ｙ＝Ａ＋ＢＸ＋ＣＸ￣２．由此证明了气候因素对土壤有机质组成和胡敏酸的性质有显著的影响。     

新疆吐鲁番盆地陆相白垩纪与古近纪界线的环境指标

通过对新疆吐鲁番盆地白垩纪和古近纪陆相地层的氧化物、碳酸钙、有机碳含量分析以及有机碳稳定同位素的测试,并通过w(Fe³⁺)/w(Fe²⁺)比值指示的古温度研究,探讨了该地区白垩系-古近系界线的特征以及古气候特点。研究表明在白垩系/古近系界线附近各项环境指标发生了明显的变化。在白垩纪末期,有机碳同位素δ¹³C_org明显偏正,Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量降低;而进入古新世,δ¹³C_org明显偏负,Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量升高。对w(Fe³⁺)/w(Fe²⁺)比值指示的古温度计算表明,在白垩纪末期大气温度比较低,而进入古新世气温回升,这与进入古新世有机碳稳定同位素明显偏负的特征一致。     

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层有机碳分布特征及层序分析

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层中有机碳呈有规律的分布。在纵向上,特定的地层沉积单元常显示出底部有机碳含量高而向上含量逐渐减小的变化趋势。这种变化规律与相对湖平面的升降及沉积物的供给有关,并且可以在电阻率和声波时差叠覆曲线上以不同程度的幅度差表现出来。根据这种叠覆的测井曲线对松辽盆地英台地区嫩江组泥岩地层中的有机质丰度以及地层层序进行了分析。英台地区嫩江组一、二段泥岩地层以嫩一段和嫩二段下部地层的有机质丰度较高。从泥岩层序对比及测井曲线幅度差分析,该时期英台地区沉积物源来自于北部,其南部烃源岩有机质含量要高于北部。以嫩江组为主要烃源岩的黑帝庙油层的勘探也证实了这一点.