青金石中有序结构畴与无序结构畴交生的畴结构新类型

在黝方石、蓝方石的青金石等富含（ＳＯ４）＾２－的方钠石族矿物的有序结构中,常见有沿着一个或几个方向的结构调制,并还常伴随出现反相畴、双晶畴等畴结构。通过透射电镜研究,作者在产于俄罗斯南贝加尔的青金石中,观察了到了一种由尺度都很小（长径约在１０ｎｍ以内）的有序结构畴与无序结构畴相互交生的畴结构新类型。其畴界弈曲而不规则,但相邻畴的晶格都是相互连续而完全共格的。这种畴结构是由无序青金石在其有序化过程的     

港珠澳大桥首级控制网复测

介绍了港珠澳大桥首级控制网的复测方案,包括复测精度及网形设计、对控制网复测方法、技术要求及成果精度进行了介绍。最后,通过控制网复测成果和建网成果的比较,对首级控制网建网成果质量及控制点的稳定性进行了分析评价。     

Investigating hydrogeomorphic floodplain mapping performance with varying DTM resolution and stream order

Hydrogeomorphic models allow parsimonious, fast and effective floodplain extent mapping using topographic data as the main input. Hydrogeomorphic approaches enforce the principle that floodplains are well-distinguished and unique landscape features within river corridors. We investigated the sensitivity of a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation algorithm, based on a hydrological power law, relating flow depth to contributing area, digital terrain model (DTM) resolution and river network hierarchy. In addition, we compared the results to other common floodplain mapping methods using standard flood-hazard maps as a reference. Taking the Arno River Basin, Italy, as a case study, our results show a dependency between the optimal power law parameters and DTM resolution, with larger parameter values required to reach optimal consistency with flood-hazard maps as DTM resolution increased. Floodplain mapping performance was also found to depend on stream order. We further tested the model consistency at a larger scale to evaluate its performance with respect to inundation maps in Hungary, Italy, Spain and the UK. Our study suggests that pre-defined power law parameters can be assumed, considering DTM resolution and stream order, supporting the use of the presented hydrogeomorphic model for large-scale floodplain mapping in ungauged basins where reference flood-hazard maps are not available.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing. Terrain Analysis and Remote Sensing . JOHN R. G. TOWNSHEND , ed. Environmental Data Use in Computer-assisted Data Handling Systems: The Results of a Survey of Applications in the Pacific Northwest States . KENNETH E. GORDON . Applied Land Use: A Spatial Approach . JOHN F. LOUNSBURY , LAWRENCE M. SOMMERS , AND EDWARD A. FERNALD , eds. The Second Battle of New Orleans: A History of the Vieux Carre Riverfront-Expressway Controversy . RICHARD O. BAUMBACH , JR. AND WILLIAM E. BORAH . Cultural Environmental Archaeology . MYRA SHACKLEY . The Immoral landscape: Female Prostitution in Western Societies . RICHARD SYMANSKI . life Among the Poor in Cairo . UNNI WIKAN , translated by Ann Henning. Women, Work and Property in Northwest India . URSULA SHARMA . The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies . BARBARA ROGERS Economic Optimization in Locational and Transport Analysis . A. G. WILSON , J. D. COELHO , S. M. MACGILL , H. C. W. L. WILLIAMS . New Tools for Economic Development: The Enterprise Zone, Development Bank, and RFC . GEORGE STERNLIEB AND DAVID LISTOKIN , eds. Regional Wage Inflation . R. L. MARTIN , ed. Finding A Place For Energy-Siting Coal Conversion Facilities . FRANK J. CALZONETTI WITH MARK S. ECKERT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Environmentalism. Second Edition . T. O'RIORDAN . Countryside Conservation . BRYN GREEN . Medical Spatial Diffusion: An Historical Geography of Epidemics in an Island Community . A. D. CLIFF , P. HAGGETT , J. K. ORD , AND G. R. VERSEY . Philosophy and Geographic Thought Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science . RICHARD SZYMANSKI AND JOHN A. AGNEW . Measurement of Subjective Phenomena . D. F. JOHNSTON , ed. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective . ROBERT DAVID SACK . The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-five Years: 1904-1979 . PRESTON E. JAMES AND GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . The Life and Thought of Isaiah Bowman . GEOFFREY J. MARTIN . Physical River Basin Planning: Theory and Practice . SURANJIT K. SAHA AND CHRISTOPHER J. BARROW , eds. Soils and landforms: An Integration of Ceomorphology and Pedology . A. I. GERRARD Climatic Change and Society. Consequences of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide . WILLIAM W. KELLOGG AND ROBERT SCHWARE . Political Political Redistrictings and Geographic Theory . RICHARD L. MORRILL . Population Studies in Spanish American Population History: Dell Plain Latin American Studies NO. 8 . DAVID J. ROBINSON , ed. Population Redistribution in the Midwest . CURTIS C. ROSEMAN , ANDREW J. SOFRANKO , AND JAMES D. WILLIAMS , eds. Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly . A. M. WARNES , ed. Regional Perspective On the American South . MERLE BLACK AND JOHN SHELTON REED , eds. The Prairies and Plains: Prospects for the 80s . JOHN R. ROGGE , ed. Rural Rural Settlement in an Urban World . MICHAEL BUNCE . Social Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimensions . DAVID L. SILLS , C. P. WOLF , AND VIVIEN B. SHELANSKI , eds. The American Small Town: Twentieth-Century Place Images . JOHN JAKLE . Urban A House of My Own . SUSAN LOBO . The City: Patterns and Processes in the Urban Ecosystem . CHRISTOPHER H. EXLINE , GARY L. PETERS , AND ROBERT P. LARKIN . Movement in Cities . P. W. DANIELS AND A. M. WARNES . Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society . MICHAEL DEAR AND ALLEN J. SCOT , eds.     

高阶模糊区域的交叉拓扑关系形式化研究

目的 基于区间Ⅱ－型模糊区域模型,讨论了区间Ⅱ－型模糊区域的结构,通过对传统的n-交模型进行扩展,提出了区间Ⅱ－型模糊区域拓扑关系的n-交矩阵和各原子的计算方法,并提出了拓扑关系的形式化分析方法。通过计算区间Ⅱ－型模糊拓扑关系矩阵与8种基本拓扑关系矩阵的相似度并排序,确定其首要拓扑关系,结合拓扑关系距离确定其可能存在的次要拓扑关系。     

7个海星动物线粒体基因组比较及基因变异位点分析

与单基因相比,线粒体基因组是一个完整的体系,具有信息量丰富等优点,在过去的十几年间被广泛地应用于后生动物关键类群的分子系统发育和群体遗传学的研究.本论文综合分析了海星纲7个物种(多棘海盘车、赭色豆海星、多棘槭海星、砂海星、长棘海星、棘冠海星和海燕)线粒体基因组全序列,全面揭示了海星纲线粒体基因组的基本特征.海星线粒体基因组均编码后生动物线粒体基因组标准的37个基因.7个海星线粒体基因组的基因排列完全一致;与海胆纲及海参纲楯手目线粒体基因组的基因排列相比,海星线粒体基因组的基因排列存在4.6 kb长片段的倒位.长棘海星属13个线粒体蛋白质编码基因的非同义替换率(Ka)与同义替换率(Ks)比值都低于1.000 0(为0.006 0～0.221 9),显示出较强的负(纯化)选择.对海星纲线粒体基因组的基因变异位点分析结果表明,nad5、nad4基因可作为备选的分子标记,应用于海星纲群体遗传学的研究中.同时,在长棘海星属线粒体基因组变异位点分析中,nad5、nad4基因仍然可作为备选的分子标记,用于分析长棘海星不同群体及物种之间的生物多样性,为合理利用其生物资源及其生物多样性的保护提供基础资料.     

数据库中若干问题的探讨

在使用ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ＋或ＦｏｘＰｒｏ数据库中,发现了三个问题：即用ＩＮＤＥＸ命令只能建立按关键字表达式值的升序排列的索引文件,不能按降序建立索引文件;用ＴＯＴＡＬ命令只能按单关键字段进行分类汇总,不能按多关键字段进行分类汇总;数据库中的数组最高只能是二维的,不能实现三维数组的功能。针对这三个问题,提出了相应的解决办法。     

Asymmetric fuzzy relation analysis method for ranking geoscience variables

A fuzzy relation analysis method is used to derive weights for qualitative variables based on their partial order relations. Two asymmetric measure indexes (incidence coefficient and probability difference) are proposed to measure the asymmetric associations between geoscience variables from which the partial order relations can be constructed. The fuzzy relation analysis method can be implemented in combination with the asymmetric measure indexes leading to new methods for pattern overlay and data integration in mineral potential prediction. Two types of models are proposed and illustrated by two artificial examples: one for predicting targets for undiscovered deposits, and the other for estimating the mineral resource potential of the targets.     

沉积盆地走滑构造的力学机制和变形特征

走滑构造是地壳上最重要也是最复杂的构造之一,尽管经历了长期研究历史,但在其某些特征方面还存在着不确定认识。笔者等基于力学和脆性破裂理论以及安德森断层模式,分析了走滑构造的成因类型及相关构造的几何学特点。在总结走滑构造基本特征的基础上,说明了沉积盆地中大型走滑构造是基底先存断层或薄弱面复活形成,局部有新生型的,提出了准摩擦滑动的概念。明确了直扭、压扭和张扭的含义,并将亚简单剪切应用于分析断层活动。细化了各种构造的发育顺序,讨论了不同性质构造的形成条件,强调了构造几何关系与走滑带应力性质的关系。归纳了花状构造形成的构造部位,明确了走滑构造带结构及其主控因素,并用于地表和地下走滑构造的识别。     

高阶脉冲标定器及观测系统幅频特性

在前阶段理论研究的基础上,搜寻到了几种高阶脉冲波形,其频谱的低频分量平坦,高频分量更丰富。据此制成功能完善,性能优良的标定器。用高阶脉冲标定器产生的标定电流来激励拾震器,使观测系统产生相应的响应,由计算机采集该响应,并进行富氏变换及相关运算。由此可得到系统的幅频特性Ｋ（ω）,为暂态标定结果。对于速度 平坦型观测系统暂态标定与稳定态标定所得的特性曲线完全重合,即标定精度相同。