15Ma以来海陆记录的轨道-构造尺度东亚季风的演化以及西北内陆的干旱化

通过对比分析中国内陆、南海和西北太平洋15Ma以来的构造和气候记录, 本文探讨了构造和轨道尺度上东亚季风和西北内陆的干旱化历史。构造尺度上, 在中中新世以来全球变冷的格局下, 东亚冬季风逐步增强。而东亚夏季风表现出从10Ma开始逐渐减弱, 4Ma再次增强的阶段性变化。我们推测在11.16~7.00Ma, 由于青藏高原向东北方向的扩张, 导致高原东北缘和西秦岭之间可能存在水汽通道, 夏季风降水可以通过水汽通道到达青藏高原的东北缘。7~8Ma之后水汽通道可能全部关闭, 加上全球变冷和夏季风的减弱, 西北内陆全面干旱, 同时高原东北缘的隆升也提供了粉尘物源, 风尘开始大面积堆积。2.75Ma 以来, 在冰期-间冰期旋回上, 夏季风变化领先冬季风约30ka, 分析表明冬季风与北极冰盖的强迫联系紧密, 而夏季风同时受到高纬冰盖和低纬过程的驱动。     

Energy Distribution of a Gödel-Type Space–Time

We calculate the energy and momentum distributions associated with a Gödel-type space–time, using the well-known energy–momentum complexes of Landau–Lifshitz and Møller. We show that the definitions of Landau–Lifshitz and Møller do not furnish a consistent result.     

Epicyclic Frequencies Derived From The Effective Potential: Simple And Practical Formulae

We present and discuss a short and simple derivation of orbital epicyclic frequencies for circular geodesic orbits in stationary and axially symmetric spacetimes. Such spacetimes include as special cases analytically known black hole Kerr and Schwarzschild spacetimes, as well as the analytic Hartle-Thorne spacetime and all numerically constructed spacetimes relevant for rotating neutron stars. Our derivation follows directly from energy and angular momentum conservation and it uses the concept of the effective potential. It has never been published, except for a few special cases, but it has already become a part of the common knowledge in the field.     

青藏高原区域抬升对轨道尺度亚洲季风调制效应的模拟研究

本研究利用大气环流模式, 基于青藏高原及周边区域的8个地形抬升情景, 并考虑地球轨道参数(强弱岁差和高低地轴倾角)组合, 开展了24组敏感性数值试验, 集中研究了地形抬升对轨道尺度欧亚内陆干旱和季风降水的调制作用。结果分析表明, 整体而言, 青藏高原区域地形的阶段性逐步抬升调制的欧亚大陆降水对岁差和地轴倾角的响应具有类似的分布特征, 但响应强度略有差异。此外, 不同地形抬升情景下, 降水对轨道强迫的响应呈现出区域差异。其中, 亚洲内陆干旱区是区域地形调制轨道强迫作用的高敏感区域, 尤其伊朗高原抬升有效强化了轨道导致的降水增加信号; 青藏高原中部、东部和北部的抬升则通过引导季风环流向北辐合加强, 增强了岁差和地轴倾角引起的北东亚季风降水幅度; 伊朗高原抬升有效地加强了中国黄土高原降水对地轴倾角的响应。这些试验结果揭示青藏高原是东亚夏季季风的轨道尺度变率的潜在影响因子, 这可为地质记录揭示的季风在轨道时间尺度上变率强化现象提供机制上的解释。

     

Measuring drop size distribution and kinetic energy of rainfall using a force transducer

The relatively high cost of commercially available raindrop spectrometers and disdrometers has inhibited detailed and intensive research on drop size distribution, kinetic energy and momentum of rainfall which are important for understanding and modelling soil erosion caused by raindrop detachment. In this study, an approach to find the drop size distribution, momentum and kinetic energy of rainfall using a relatively inexpensive device that uses a piezoelectric force transducer for sensing raindrop impact response is introduced. The instrument continuously and automatically records, on a time‐scale, the amplitude of electrical pulses produced by the impact of raindrops on the surface of the transducer. The size distribution of the raindrops and their respective kinetic energy are calculated by analysing the number and amplitude of pulses recorded, and from the measured volume of total rainfall using a calibration curve. Simultaneous measurements of the instrument, a rain gauge and a dye‐stain method were used to assess the performance of the instrument. Test results from natural and simulated rainfalls are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early growth fault activity: new evidence for extension in the upper Cambrian Owen Group,Proprietary Peak,western Tasmania,Australia

The coarse-grained, upper Cambrian Owen Group of western and northern Tasmania is a prominent feature of the Tasmanian landscape and regional map series. The group has previously been divided into four informal formations (Lower Owen Conglomerate, Middle Owen Sandstone, Middle Owen Conglomerate and Upper Owen Sandstone) that have been correlated across the state over tens to hundreds of kilometres. The deposition of these sediments is largely believed to have occurred during extensional tectonics, but some authors continue to argue a compressional tectonic regime. Detailed mapping and sedimentological work around Proprietary Peak on the Mount Jukes massif, 10 km south of Queenstown, Tasmania, has identified significant depositional variations controlled by early growth faulting and paleotopography. Discontinuity of stratigraphic units (L6–L13) across two growth faults on the north face of Proprietary Peak shows the strong effect on sediment deposition in the area. Paleotopography is also evident with most stratigraphic units (L8–L13 and U1) gradually onlapping basement during their deposition. Significant paleotopography has also been identified on East Jukes Peak, where lower Owen Group sedimentary units onlap basement volcanics, with no evidence for tectonically controlled deposition. Field evidence strongly supports the deposition of the Owen Group during extensional tectonics, after a period of prolonged erosion of the underlying Mount Read Volcanics. The distinct variation in vertical and lateral extent of stratigraphic units within the Owen Group in the Proprietary Peak area suggests that widespread lithostratigraphic correlation of older Owen Group sedimentary units across Tasmania may not be feasible.     

近相接双星室女座BF的轨道周期变化

收集了近相接双星ＢＦ Ｖｉｒ的光极小时刻,并对其轨道周期进行分析。结果表明该星的轨道周期在长期减小的财时也含有３０年的周期性变化,对引起轨道周期变化的各种物理机制的分析研究表明：一个质量为０．２８１Ｍ⊙、绕公共质心的轨道半径为１０．２ＵＡ的第３天体的存在能对轨道周期的周期性变化成份作出解释,如果轨道周期的周期性变化成份是由于次子星的周期性磁活动引起,那么系统总光度就应该有振幅０．０９７Ｌ⊙的周期性     

改进的边缘角度直方图在遥感图像检索中的应用

针对基于形状的遥感图像检索中区域分割困难这个问题,本文提出利用边缘角度直方图作为形状特征对遥感图像进行检索;针对遥感影像分辨率和颜色反差对检索性能的影响,本文提出采用多尺度分析的思想,提取图像在多个尺度上的边缘角度直方图特征进行检索。通过单一尺度边缘角度直方图特征和多尺度边缘角度直方图特征检索的对比实验,揭示了本文所提出的改进方案使遥感图像的检索精度提高了约31个百分点。     

Periodicities in natural remanent magnetization and palaeoclimatic records detected by walsh spectra

The time series consisting of nonsinusoidal Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) and palaeoclimatic variations for the past two million years have been spectrally examined by using a new Walsh transform technique. The results show statistically significant periodicities (at 95% confidence level) of approximately 92,000 years; 43,000 years and 21,000 years in the ensemble spectra of the NRM intensity (mineralogic) variations. These NRM periodicities are remarkably close to the well-known Milankovitch cycles. The ensemble spectra of palaeoclimatic records reveal only 41,000 years statistically significant (95%) periodicity corresponding to the obliquity cycle. The study suggests that NRM variations in deep sea sediments probably are more sensitive recorders of palaeoclimatic memory than the oxygen isotope variations.     

内核地球自转动力学理论的研究进展(Ⅳ)——内核自转动力学方程

本文是序列文章的第四篇,其内容包括：基于连续介质力学的基本理论,给出了固体外核（SIC）自转的动力学方程,考虑了地球的自引力、液核对内核边界的压力和二阶外部引潮力位对SIC自转的影响,并在O(mε)的量级上给出了其实用的表达式.本文的理论推导更加严密和细致,改正了文献〔1〕在推导过程中的某些错误（例如：（B39）、（B44）和（B59c）式）.本文的工作是对文献〔1〕有关理论的扩展和改进,对进一步研究内核地球自转的动力学理论是非常重要的.