球上最小二乘问题向后误差的估计

A.N.Malyshev给出了球上最小二乘问题计算解的最佳向后扰动量表达式。从该表达式出发计算最佳向后扰动量却是很困难的。本文给出 1种有效的估算方法 ,所得结果对检验计算解的向后稳定性是有用的。并用几个简单的数值例子验证了所给算法的有效性。     

勉略带三岔子蛇绿岩的变质特征及构造意义

勉略带是近年来秦岭造山带研究中揭示出来的代表晚古生代小洋盆的缝合带 ,组成复杂 ,它们经历了不同的变质、变形改造 ,构成了不同构造背景、不同构造层次、不同物质组成、具不同 PTt轨迹的蛇绿构造混杂带。文中 PTt轨迹揭示 ,秦岭造山带勉略带三岔子蛇绿岩中的变质辉长岩是由上地幔先处于伸展背景下等温快速降压、后又经历缓慢降压快速降温上升侵位的。变形前的早期变质可能发生在 60～ 70 km处的上地幔 ,然后变质辉长岩快速“底辟”构造侵位 ,上升至约4 0 km深处 ,可能与俯冲的冷洋壳并置 ,发生快速降温退变反应 ;因俯冲作用的开始 ,抑制了洋盆快速扩张 ,变质辉长岩在减速伸展环境下继续抬升减压 ;后期又由于仰冲推覆 ,最终出露地表。此外 ,变质作用 PTt轨迹还反映勉略小洋盆洋壳厚度与标准大洋型洋壳厚度差异较大。     

应力-应变过程中海底沉积物微结构变化对其声速的影响

阐述了对海底沉积物样品在应力-应变过程中进行同步声学测量的实验工具及方法,分析了采自南海45个站位的海底沉积物样品的实验数据资料,结果表明,沉积物颗粒越粗、孔隙越小、无侧限抗压强度越大,声速越高.沉积物样品在受力应变过程中,声速具有明显的随应力而变化的特征.进一步探讨了不同应变阶段沉积物的声学特征以及应力所导致沉积物微结构变化对其声速的影响过程,这一研究将在石油地质测井和海底工程基底稳定性评价等方面具有重要应用意义.     

西太平洋暖池区低层大气气象学特征的观测分析

根据TOGA—COARE强化观测资料分析西太平洋暖地区低层大气的气象学特征。讨论北半球冬季(11月-2月)该区域海面风和温度的特征,ITCZ及其有中尺度动力学特征的赤道大气涡(Eddy)的演变特征,对流混合边界层大气和低层正压大气层特征,以及云形态及降水特征等。指出,对于赤道大气,把正压大气层顶取为700hPa是合适的。     

Multilevel Optimal Design of Prestressed Lightweight Concrete-Steel Platform Structures

The concrete-steel platform structure is rather complicated because it involves such materials as concrete, reinforcing bars, steel, and so on. K the traditional dimension optimization method is employed, the optimal design of the platform will meet many handicaps, even it cannot be implemented at all. The multilevel optimal design approach is an efficient tool for the solution of large-scale engineering structures. In this paper, this approach is applied to the optimal design of a concrete-steel platform, which is formulated as a system level optimal design problem and a set of uncoupled substructure level optimal design problems. The process of optimization is a process of iteration between system level and substructure level until the objective function converges. An illustrative example indicates that this method is effective in the optimal design of concrete-steel platforms.     

如何应用1∶2000000化探数据库构造GIS图层

本文根据ＧＩＳ在地学中应用的需要，基于已建成的省级１∶２００００００化探数据库，分别描述了生成元素含量等值线图层和元素色块图层的方法与步骤，以及有关的技术要点，旨在为加强ＧＩＳ的应用提供一些参考信息。     

High‐resolution topography and anthropogenic feature extraction: testing geomorphometric parameters in floodplains

In floodplains, anthropogenic features such as levees or road scarps, control and influence flows. An up‐to‐date and accurate digital data about these features are deeply needed for irrigation and flood mitigation purposes. Nowadays, LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) covering large areas are available for public authorities, and there is a widespread interest in the application of such models for the automatic or semiautomatic recognition of features. The automatic recognition of levees and road scarps from these models can offer a quick and accurate method to improve topographic databases for large‐scale applications. In mountainous contexts, geomorphometric indicators derived from DTMs have been proven to be reliable for feasible applications, and the use of statistical operators as thresholds showed a high reliability to identify features. The goal of this research is to test if similar approaches can be feasible also in floodplains. Three different parameters are tested at different scales on LiDAR DTM. The boxplot is applied to identify an objective threshold for feature extraction, and a filtering procedure is proposed to improve the quality of the extractions. This analysis, in line with other works for different environments, underlined (1) how statistical parameters can offer an objective threshold to identify features with varying shapes, size and height; (2) that the effectiveness of topographic parameters to identify anthropogenic features is related to the dimension of the investigated areas. The analysis also showed that the shape of the investigated area has not much influence on the quality of the results. While the effectiveness of residual topography had already been proven, the proposed study underlined how the use of entropy can anyway provide good extractions, with an overall quality comparable to the one offered by residual topography, and with the only limitation that the extracted features are slightly wider than the investigated one. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二连盆地伊和高勒地区下白垩统赛汉组沉积特征

为揭示二连盆地马尼特坳陷伊和高勒地区下白垩统赛汉组沉积特征,文章通过综合分析研究区内露头剖面、钻孔等,较为精细地研究了赛汉组岩性特征、地层空间展布特征、底板埋深分布特征、沉积相类型、沉积相展布特征等。研究区赛汉组分布范围广,具有东厚西薄的格局。底板埋深东部深西部浅,西部发育构造斜坡。西部为砂岩与泥岩,砂岩富炭屑;东部为砂砾岩与泥岩,砂砾岩中含炭屑。发育南、北两个方向物源,北部物源占主导作用。西部发育辫状河三角洲,砂体发育,"泥-砂-泥"结构好,为砂岩型铀矿最有利的沉积相带;东部发育扇三角洲,砂体极为发育,"泥-砂-泥"结构较好,为砂岩型铀矿较为有利的沉积相带;中部为半深湖-滨浅湖,砂体不发育,不利于砂岩型铀成矿。     

内蒙古包头某铁矿尾矿库生态修复的植物优选研究

【研究目的】植物修复技术因其具有绿色、经济、环保的特点,在矿山生态修复中应用广泛,而调查和筛选矿山周边适应本地生境的植物物种是进行植物生态修复的关键环节。【研究方法】通过野外调查取样和室内分析测试相结合的方法,对内蒙古包头某废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属含量、重金属迁移富集能力及其上覆土壤重金属特征进行分析研究,以期筛选优良修复植物,为矿区生态修复提供科学依据。【研究结果】该废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、F含量均远超过河套平原土壤背景值,地累积指数显示污染等级为2～7级,污染程度从轻—中度污染到极强度污染。植物地下部分各元素含量总体上高于地上部分,除Cu外各植物重金属含量大多超出了正常值范围。【结论】沙蒿和独行菜具有富集型植物特征,玉米、狗尾草、虎尾草和拂子茅属于根部囤积型,碱蓬、灰条菜、苍耳、新疆杨和红柳符合规避型植物特征。可根据植物对重金属的吸收和富集特点,科学合理地选择适宜的植物进行矿区受污染土壤植物修复。创新点：研究了废弃铁尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属特征;揭示了优势植物对重金属的吸收机制。     

基于同井双目的层地热勘探井井身结构设计与实践

河南WR-1地热勘探井设计有新近系馆陶组和奥陶系2个勘探目的层,需要各自进行成井和测试工作,馆陶组成井测试完成后需要继续钻进完成奥陶系成井。在井身结构设计时,从套管设计、固井结构等方面进行优化改进,解决了馆陶组成井管柱固井、钻孔与套管级配以及过滤器参数设计等问题,并通过实钻验证。本文主要介绍了该地热勘探井井身结构设计过程中需要考虑的重点要素、设计过程等,并结合实钻过程,对井身结构的设计进行了调整和优化,使其更具现场操作性,为其它类似同井双目的层地热勘探井工程提供理论和实践参考。