虾池小型底栖动物的数量研究

提出１９８７年５月至１０月在黄岛养虾池对虾生长周期内对小型底栖动物数量逐月调查。指出：小型底栖动物总平均密度为１０９２．４ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２，自由生活海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是主要类群，其总平均密度分别为４６６．９和４５７．９ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２。８９．７％的小型底栖动物分布在沉积物表层２ｃｍ内。结果指明小型底栖动物被对虾捕食，并提出了捕食模式。     

Is the Determination of Meiobenthic Diversity Affected by the Sampling Method in Sandy Beaches?

Abstract. Meiobenthic samples were collected by two different methods from the microtidal coralline sand beach at Gosier, Guadeloupe, West Indies: (I) vertical cores and (2) the K araman /C happuis (KC) technique of digging a hole and filtering the seepage water from the bottom. Nematode species diversity was unaffected by the sampling method, but nematode species composition differed. There was no evidence from statistical analysis to suggest differences in diversity or composition of higher taxa between sampling methods, although gastrotrichs appeared to be underrepresented by the KC technique.     

Abundance and biomass of meiobenthos in the spawning ground of anchovy (Engraulis japanicus) in the southern Huanghai Sea

1 Introduction Meiofauna is an important group in benthic small food web energetically due to their small size, high abundance and fast turnover rates. The production of meiofauna is equal to or higher than that of macrofau- na in estuaries, shallow waters and deep sea (Gerlach, 1971; Platt and Warwick, 1980; Heip et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 2004). A role of meiofauna may be the recycling of nutrients. Marine nematodes may keep the bacterial colonies on sand grains in active phase of growth …     

The effects of brine disposal on a subtidal meiofauna community

Desalination plants generate notable (>1,000 s m³) quantities of hypersaline brine which potentially affect the biological communities in the receiving area. We assessed whether proximity to a brine discharge point located off Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic) altered patterns in the abundance and assemblage structure of subtidal, soft-bottom, meiofauna. Samples were collected twice (May 2008 and January 2009) at 0, 15 and 30 m away from the brine discharge point, corresponding to a change in salinity from 45 to 36. Proximity to the brine discharge point affected overall meiofaunal abundances: lowest abundances were observed at 0 m (64.55 ± 39.86 ind 10 cm⁻², mean ± SD) than at 15 (210.49 ± 121.01 ind 10 cm⁻²) and 30 m (361.88 ± 102.64 ind 10 cm⁻²) away from the brine discharge point. This pattern was particularly notable for the most conspicuous meiofaunal groups: nematodes and copepods, and meiofaunal assemblage structure also differed with varying proximity to the brine discharge point. Although multivariate techniques identified changes in salinity as a relevant driver of patterns in meiofaunal assemblage structure with varying proximity to the brine outfall, a shift in particle size composition between May 2008 and January 2009 also contributed to explain differences in meiofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity to the brine discharge point. Hence, meiofauna can be considered a suitable tool to monitor environmental impacts derived from the discharge of hypersaline effluents on subtidal, soft-bottom, assemblages if potential confounding drivers, i.e. here temporal changes in particle size composition, are accounted for to avoid possible confusing interpretations.     

Distribution of helminths in the digestive tracts of New Zealand freshwater eels

The distributions of the nematode parasites Paraquimperia sp., Spirocamallanus sp., and Cucullanus sp. in the intestines and recta of Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis from Lake Ellesmere and the South Branch of the Waimakariri River were studied over two years. Peak occurrence of Paraquimperia was in the anterior intestine of A. australis and mid intestine of A. dieffenbachii. Male and female Spirocamallanus sp. established in the mid intestine, but as female worms grew they attached more anteriorly and thus maintained the mid body in the mid intestine, prevented the tail end entering the rectum, and maintained the vulvae close to male worms. Cucullanus sp. was most often found in the mid intestine, but occurred throughout the intestine, possibly because of migration with food. Paraquimperia and Spirocamallanus extended their range with crowding; Cucullanus increased in density in the mid intestine. Posteriad movement, with or without subsequent evacuation, was a general feature of all species in both hosts, held live or examined after death. Chilling and freezing slowed or arrested loss from dead hosts. Larger worms (Spirocamallanus sp.) moved and were lost more rapidly than small worms (Paraquimperia sp.); worm loss was more rapid from A. dieffenbachii than from A. australis.     

渤海自由生活海洋线虫多样性的研究

首先介绍Warwick和Clarke(1995)提出的等级生物多样性指数以及在自由生活海洋线虫中的应用,重点以1998年9～10月和1999年4～5月两个航次的沉积物样品,用物种数目(S)、Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)、优势度Simpson指数(λ)、多样性Shannon-Wiener指数(H')、Pielou的均匀度指数(J)、Hill多样性系列指数(N₁,N₂和N_+∞)、分类多样性指数(△)、分类差异指数(△*)、等级多样性指数(△+)对渤海自由生活海洋线虫的多样性进行了研究。结果表明,黄河输入的泥沙对渤海自由生活海洋线虫多样性的变化有一定的作用,距离黄河口越近的站位,群落具有的物种多样性和均匀性越低,优势度越高;距离黄河口越远的站位,群落具有的物种多样性和均匀性越高,优势度越低。     

厦门东西海域海洋线虫群落种类组成及摄食类型的初步比较研究

2002年6月30日和7月1日在厦门海域2个采样点取样,对厦门东西海域自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构进行了初步比较研究.结果显示:2个站位共鉴定自由生活海洋线虫53种,西海域37种,东海域31种,其中优势种是茅咽线虫Dorylaimopsis variabilis.、萨巴线虫Sabaticria sp.、霍帕线虫Hoppcria sp.、海洋拟齿线虫Parodontophora marina 和星火线虫Marylymnia sp.;对海洋线虫群落结构和生物多样性指数的比较表明,2个站位的群落多样性指数和优势种基本一致,但优势种的优势度有一定差异.西海域站位出现的种类多,但种类分布不均匀;东海域出现的种类少,但种类分布较均匀.非选择性沉积食性者(即1B型)和底上硅藻食性者(即2A型)是该海域两个站位的优势摄食类群.从优势种和摄食类群方面来看,厦门海域与台湾海峡南部、黄河口站位海洋线虫群落有一定的相似性.     

厦门凤林红树林湿地自由生活海洋线虫群落的研究

2004年冬季在集美凤林类似底质类型、盐度和潮位的海湾地段4个断面,就不同红树植物林中的小型底栖动物数量和自由生活海洋线虫群落进行了研究。结果表明:海洋线虫是凤林红树林中小型底栖动物中的绝对优势类群,占到小型底栖动物的76.1%~96.3%;从丰度来看,旧区白骨壤(Avicennia marina)林中小型底栖动物的数量较少,有污水流过的光滩数量较大;4个断面共鉴定出海洋线虫37种(分类实体单元),其中新区秋茄(Kandelia candel)林中的生物多样性指数较低,旧区白骨壤林中群落具有较高的物种多样性;从出现的物种来看,新区秋茄林、旧区白骨壤林和光滩上出现的优势种和摄食功能群的类型各不相同。从4个断面13个站位进行的聚类分析和MDS标序分析结果推断自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构与不同的红树植物形成的沉积物有关。     

东海大陆架自由生活海洋线虫一新种:镰刀光皮线虫(线虫:色矛科)

于东海陆架沉积物中发现并描述一自由生活海洋线虫新种：镰刀光皮线虫Actinonema falciforme sp.nov.镰刀光皮线虫的主要鉴定特征为：六根外唇刚毛和四根头刚毛成一圈;表皮具复杂而前后不同的装饰和侧分化;大而明显的化感器椭圆形,中间具一横裂口;单前精巢,反折;前后双卵巢,反折;缺失交接刺和引带,仅具有镰刀形引带侧件。在光皮线虫属中,只有镰刀光皮线虫和长尾光皮线虫A.longicaudatum缺失交接刺和引带,而仅具有引带侧件。镰刀光皮线虫可根据较短的体长、镰刀形引带侧件和较短的尾部而区别于长尾光皮线虫。