武汉地区GPS气象网试验研究

There are three aspects in the study of GPS meteorology network in the Wuhan region. The first is the comparison of the GPS precipitable water vapor between final ephemeris and ultra-rapid ephemeris for which the relative coefficient is 99.97 and the root mean squares is 0.048 mm. It can be concluded that ultra-rapid ephemeris can be used to get the GPS precipitable water vapor for the real-time prediction. The second is the comparison of precipitable water vapor of GPS stations and the distribution of water vapor in the Wuhan region is acquired. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor and rainfall in a rainfall process are compared and analyzed. The change of GPS precipitable water vapor can reflect and predict the process of rainfall.     

现代统计气象学的进展

综述了近年来统计气象学的进展。内容涉及统计学方法在业务预报中的应用,天气气候学研究,多元分析,时间序列,正交展开,统计动力预报,非线性动力学等诸多方面。作者认为,今后应继续重视业务预报中统计学方法的应用,努力吸收动力气象学的新成果,把统计气象学提高到一个新的水平。     

GPS空间大地控制网技术在水文行业中的应用

探讨了利用卫星导航系统进行水准测量的基本原理和工作流程,以及GPS空间大地控制网技术与普通水准测量之间的差异与特点。两者各有优劣,且存在着很强的互补性。随着科技的进步和经济的发展,特别是我国自己的北斗卫星导航系统的投入使用,利用卫星导航系统进行大地测量将会进入到包括水文行业在内的更多领域。     

An experimental comparison between KELM and CART for crop classification using Landsat-8 OLI data

The operational land imager (OLI) is the latest instrument in the Landsat series of satellite imagery, which officially began normal operations on 30 May 2013. The OLI includes two bands that are not on the thematic mapper series of sensors aboard Landsat-5 and 7; a cirrus band and a coastal/aerosol band. This paper compares the classification and regression tree and the kernel-based extreme learning machine (KELM) for mapping crops in Hokkaido, Japan, using OLI data, except the cirrus band and the pan band. The OLI data acquired on 8 July 2013 was used for crop classification of beans, beets, grassland, maize, potatoes and winter wheat. The KELM algorithm performed better in this study and achieved overall accuracies of 90.1%. According to the Jeffries–Matusita (J–M) distances, the short wavelength infrared band provides the greater contribution (the highest value was observed for band 6 in OLI data).     

水下无线电能传输研究进展

首先对水下无线电能传输技术进行了分类,然后给出了磁感应式水下无线电能传输的基本结构和工作原理,讨论了该技术的最优工作频率、传输距离、线圈结构选择、涡流损耗与频率分裂现象.随后简要给出了磁谐振式水下无线电能传输技术和电场耦合式水下无线电能传输的研究现状.最后对水下无线电能传输技术有待研究的问题进行了展望.     

一次积层混合云增雨作业天气条件分析和雷达回波效果检验

利用多普勒天气雷达数据、常规气象资料和地面降水资料等,对2013年5月8日山东泰安地区一次积层混合云人工增雨作业天气条件和作业效果进行综合分析。分析天气背景条件是否有利于开展增雨作业,采用催化前后作业云与对比云对比分析的方法,讨论依据雷达回波参量的变化来分析判断催化作业效果和催化时机的途径,并配合地面降雨量来佐以说明。结果表明:1)本次增雨作业有良好的天气形势、水汽及动力条件。2)播云作业产生了一定的正效果,且在作业后12 min即开始显现。作业后作业云雷达回波参量值明显增大,对比云增大率远小于作业云;作业云回波顶高、回波体积、最大反射率因子、垂直累积液态水含量、降水通量对对比云的正偏离也明显增大,增大率分别为200.0%、288.2%、29.4%、65.0%以上和384.8%。3)作业后地面影响区雨量增幅较大,增雨效果持续3 h,小时雨量明显高于对比区的。4)最佳增雨作业时机应比原作业时间提前12 min。5)将新一代天气雷达回波分析和常规天气分析相结合,有利于提高人工增雨作业及其效果评价的科学性和准确性。     

数字技术在航空伽马能谱仪中的应用

基于峰值采样保持的模拟能谱仪无法满足大尺寸多晶体高计数率的航空能谱测量。本系统采用了Y/U双通道数控增益放大器实现了谱漂的双16位分辨率调节范围,通过高速ADC与CPLD实现数字化能谱仪,在CPLD内部用VHDL语言编程实现基线恢复与峰高数据采集,保证了能量分辨率。结果表明:计数最大通过率大于100k/s,1 024道分辨率137Cs峰谱漂±1道,能量起始阈20 keV。实验证明本系统功耗低,性能可靠,体积小,可应用于航空能谱测量的场合。     

用于太阳射电快速记录系统中的微带功率晶体管放大器的研制

本文介绍了云南天文台微带功率晶体管放大器在太阳射电快速记录系统中的设计原理和技术性能，并给出了放大器的线路图和最初的测量结果。     

On Cross-talk Correction of Images from Multiple-port CCDs

Multi-channel CCD read-out, which is an option offered at most optical observatories, can significantly reduce the time spent on reading the detector. The penalty of using this option is the so-called amplifier cross-talk, which causes contamination across the output amplifiers, typically at the level of 1:10 000.This can be a serious problem for applications where high precision and/or high contrast is of importance. We represent an analysis of amplifier cross-talk for two instruments – FORS1 at the ESO VLT telescope Antu (Paranal) and DFOSC at the Danish 1.54 m telescope (La Silla) – and present a post-processing method for removing the imprint of cross-talk. It is found that cross-talk may significantly contaminate high-precision photometry in crowded fields, but it can be effectively eliminated during data reduction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

农作物单产预测的运行化方法

提出了适于运行化农作物单产预测的方法。即以农作物单产区划为基础 ,通过搜集不同地区不同作物的单产预测模型 ,分析每个模型的空间适用范围 ,并从模型参数等角度筛选模型 ,然后利用这些模型进行气象站点的作物单产预测 ,并以NDVI分布图为参考数据将点上的单产数据空间外推到区域尺度。借助耕地分布估计区域水平的农作物单产。最后以 2 0 0 3年冬小麦为例 ,进行了全国 10个省的冬小麦平均单产估算 ,花费了较少的人力和时间 ,符合运行化遥感估产要求