特色种植业产业化经营组织模式评析--以陕西关中为例

文章以陕西省关中地区特色农业定位分析结果为基础,对关中地区的苹果、猕猴桃果业和蔬菜种植业等主要特色种植业的现行产业化经营组织进行总结和评价,并从模式的因地制宜选择和政府的支持保护体系两方面提出进一步完善关中地区主要特色农业产业化经营组织的建议。     

Seabirds in the North Sea Demobilized and Killed by Polyisobutylene (C4H8)n (PIB)

This paper reports on a mass stranding of seabirds in the North Sea in December 1998. Hundreds of birds were washed ashore alive in Zeeland (SW Netherlands), covered in a whitish, sticky substance, and were transported to a rehabilitation centre. About 10 days later, more (dead) casualties washed ashore further to the north on Texel and along the mainland coast, again covered in a glue-like substance. Common guillemots Uria aalge, northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis and common scoters Melanitta nigra were the most numerous birds affected in this incident. Both strandings were temporarily (10 days) and geographically separated (ca. 120 km apart), but were apparently caused by a single source of pollution. The meteorology at the time was consistent with the course of a single incident. At least 1100 seabirds were affected by this substance, soon identified as polyisobutylene (C₄H₈)_n. PIB is known as a non-toxic, non-aggressive substance. Volunteers cleaning the birds in the rehabilitation centre reported serious discomfort and dizziness and the soft parts of the PIB-affected birds found dead (bill, eye, throat, feet, webs) appeared to dissolve in a few days time. Both effects cannot be attributed to PIB, and are therefore unexplained. Although the dumping of PIB in the marine environment is not explicitly prohibited under MARPOL, the effects on wildlife observed are enough to plead for counter-measures.     

我国北方地区的污染天气分型

概述了近年来我国北方各地区污染天气分型,将污染天气划分为沙尘天气和空气质量天气。结果表明:影响我国北方地区产生沙尘暴的天气系统主要为蒙古气旋,其次为偏南风干冷锋天气系统,大气中污染物浓度过高多出现在地面高压系统的控制下;提出了天气分型研究重点是应用天气分型结论形成自动业务化的天气预测模式。     

便携式气压计的电路与系统设计

简述了压力传感器的温度补偿技术以及如何选择恒流源和数据放大器,重点对气压计的系统电路进行了设计。安装调试,结果证明,线性很好,完全符合设计要求。     

C波段卫星信号接收机低噪声放大器的设计

介绍了一个应用于C波段卫星信号接收机的低噪声放大器(LNA)的设计过程。为达到低噪声和高增益的目标,该低噪声放大器是利用低噪声的PHEMT晶体管ATF36077(用在第一级)和噪声性能良好的微波单片放大器MGA86576(用在第二级)级联设计完成的。测试结果表明,该低噪声放大器的性能达到了预定指标:在3.8 GH至4.2 GHz工作带宽内噪声系数NF≤0.7 dB,增益≥36 dB,1 dB带宽约350 MHz。     

省以下气象业务体制、预报流程建立及预报指导技术的研究

我省气象业务体系在9210工程之后,已显示出预报体制和流程不适应新的设备与技术环境的问题,影响了天气预报业务技术的发展,制约了天气在空间,时间分辨率方面的提高,因此,如何在卫星广域网高速舆网络环境下,建立一套新的预报业和作用流程以及省,地,县三级预报技术,是非常重要的。     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THE ROLE OF TROPICAL STORM NAMTHEUN IN THE UNUSUAL TRACKS OF THREE TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2010

Tropical cyclones (TCs) Lionrock, Kompasu, and Namtheun were formed successively within 40 hours in 2010. Over the next several days afterwards, these TCs exhibited unusual movements which made operational prediction difficult. Verifications are performed on the forecasts of the tracks of these TCs with six operational models, including three global and three regional models. Results showed that the trends of TC tracks could be reproduced by these models, whereas trajectory turning points and landfall locations were not simulated effectively. The special track of Lionrock should be associated with its direct interaction with Namtheun, according to a conceptual model of binary TC interaction. By contrast, the relation between Kompasu and Namtheun satisfied the criteria for a semi-direct interaction. Numerical experiments based on the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone forecast Model (GRAPES-TCM) further confirmed the effect of Namtheun on the unusual tracks of Lionrock and Kompasu. Finally, the physical mechanism of binary TC interaction was preliminarily proposed.     

上海中尺度数值预报系统暴雨实时预报分析

简要介绍了最新研制的基于神威—Ⅰ超级计算机上的上海中尺度数值天气预报系统，其最高水平分辨率达到3km，并利用该系统对2002年5月29～30日华东地区的暴雨过程进行了实时预报；根据模式输出结果，分析了大尺度环境流场及各物理诊断量，探讨了该暴雨的主要成因；同时对单个站点的要素预报做了对比分析。结果表明：该数值天气预报系统具备了一定的业务运行能力，可为预报员提供较好的参考依据。     

中尺度层状云系数值预报系统及其业务化应用试验

研制了中尺度静力平衡层状云系数值模式；针对人工影响天气业务特点，开发了模式预处理、后处理和产品服务系统；初步建立了一套可在业务中实时运行的中尺度层状云系数值预报业务系统。经过两年多的业务运行试验，结果表明：系统运行稳定，功能实用，对降水场和云场具有一定的预报能力；对小、中雨量级的稳定性降水预报准确率较高；模拟的云场同卫星、雷达实测云系有较好的一致性。可为人工影响天气作业决策及降水预报等实时业务提供帮助。     

河西走廊东部城市空气质量预报系统

利用气象和环保资料详细分析了武威市空气质量的特点,针对不同季节、不同时次分别建立了沙尘暴短时、短期预报模式及空气质量统计预报、潜势预报模式,经检验效果良好。应用Fortran和VB语言设计编程,建立了武威市空气质量预报系统,该系统包括沙尘暴预报预警服务系统、空气质量统计预报系统和空气质量潜势预报系统,直接和MICAPS系统接口,具有资料处理、动力统计预报、潜势预报等模式计算及资料采集、处理、模式运行、预报显示、产品分发、资料查询、预报评分等多种功能,在业务应用中效果良好。