A STUDY OF CIRCULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INDEX OF SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON*

Based on height and wind data of NCEP/NCAR and OLR data,patterns of upper air circulation from April to October have been analyzed,and the South China Sea (SCS) Summer Monsoon Onset (SMO) and retreat have been defined.The empirical formula fitting to the onset index of the SCS SMO has been established,and the onset and ending time of monsoon,together with the intensity index sequence during 1953-1999 are given by the analysis of characteristics of thermodynamic and dynamic factors during the process of SMO.The emergence and development of symmetric vortex pair at both sides of the equator in tropical East Indian Ocean,which may excite the SCS SMO,can be taken as a short-term prediction indicator of SMO.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDDLE EAST JET STREAM DURING SEASONAL TRANSITION AND ITS RELATION WITH INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON ONSET?

By using the NCEP/NCAR pentad reanalysis data from 1968 to 2009, the variation characteristics of Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and its thermal mechanism during seasonal transition are studied. Results show that the intensity and south-north location of MEJS center exhibit obvious seasonal variation characteristics. When MEJS is strong, it is at 27.5°N from the 67 th pentad to the 24 th pentad the following year; when MEJS is weak, it is at 45°N from the 38 th pentad to the 44 th pentad. The first Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) mode of 200-hPa zonal wind field shows that MEJS is mainly over Egypt and Saudi Arabia in winter and over the eastern Black Sea and the eastern Aral Sea in summer. MEJS intensity markedly weakens in summer in comparison with that in winter. The 26th-31 st pentad is the spring-summer transition of MEJS, and the 54th-61 st pentad the autumn-winter transition. During the two seasonal transitions, the temporal variations of the 500-200 hPa south-north temperature difference(SNTD) well match with 200-hPa zonal wind velocity, indicating that the former leads to the latter following the principle of thermal wind. A case analysis shows that there is a close relation between the onset date of Indian summer monsoon and the transition date of MEJS seasonal transition. When the outbreak date of Indian summer monsoon is earlier than normal, MEJS moves northward earlier because the larger SNTD between 500-200 hPa moves northward earlier, with the westerly jet in the lower troposphere over 40°-90°E appearing earlier than normal, and vice versa.     

南海夏季风建立、活跃和中断期的特征

根据欧洲中心(ECMWF)1979～1993年15年风资料和GMS 卫星观测的黑体辐射云顶温度TBB资料,取南海地区伴有强对流的西风/偏西南风建立作为南海夏季风爆发的标志,对南海夏季风爆发的特征和夏季风活动过程进行了分析.表明南海夏季风爆发平均日期在5月16日左右,但年际变化显著,最晚是6月上旬.有些年份在4月下旬会出现短暂的伴有强对流的西南风,而在6月初出现第二次强西南风爆发,第二次爆发才是真正的夏季风爆发.南海夏季风爆发前,在北纬1 5°N以北的南海地区往往会先出现强西南风,这是由于北方冷空气南下引起冷锋前两风加强,或者由于南海副热带高压的加强或北移引起的西风加强,不能称作真正的南海夏季风爆发.季风爆发以后,南海季风活动有显著的活跃和中断变化,在季风爆发至8月20日期间,平均中断1～2次/a,中断时间约1 5 d/a.     

我国青藏高原气候动力学研究的近期进展

文章回顾了我国在青藏高原气象学的基础上发展起来的青藏高原气候动力学研究的近期进展；指出了青藏高原“感热驱动气泵(SHAP)”在调制东亚季风及全球气候中的重要作用；在强调全球海陆分布所产生的“四叶型”加热L0SECOD激发出夏季副热带基本环流型的基础上指出高原的隆升增强了东亚季风的北伸；论述与青藏高原抬升相联系的高原负涡度源所激发的Rossby波对全球气候异常的影响，指出春季青藏高原的表面感热加热是造成东亚环流季节突变的重要原因，并导致亚洲夏季风首先在孟加拉湾东部地区爆发；还就进一步发展青藏高原气候动力学问题作了探讨。     

A STUDY ON THE PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BEFORE AND AFTER THE MONSOON ONSET

This paper presents a study on the temporal and spatial variations of the precipitation over the area of the South China Sea (SCS) during the monsoon onset period. The data used are from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations between April and June over the nine years from 1998 to 2006. This study focuses on the central and northern part of South China Sea (110-120°E, 10-20°N). Based on the observations, the 27th pentad is selected as the occurrence time of the SCS monsoon onset. The conclusions are as follows. (1) After the monsoon onset, the specific area, defined as the ratio of the number of pixels with certain type of precipitation to the number of total pixels, extends significantly for both convective and stratiform rain, with the latter having a larger magnitude. The specific rainfall, defined as the ratio of the amount of certain type of precipitation to the total amount of precipitation, decreases for convective rain and increases for stratiform rain. (2) Results also show significant increase in heavy rain and decrease in light rain after the monsoon onset. (3) Changes are also observed in the rainfall horizontal distributions over the SCS before and after the monsoon onset, manifested by the relocation of precipitation minima for both convective and stratiform rain. (4) After the monsoon onset, the variability in characteristics of precipitation vertical structure increases significantly, leading to more latent heat release and consequently deeper convection. Meanwhile, the bright-band altitude of stratiform precipitation is also elevated.     

云南雨季开始期与热带OLR的联系

利用NCEP 1979—2003年1~12月再分析的OLR逐日、月平均资料及同期云南雨季开始期资料,通过相关统计、对比合成等方法,重点分析了南海和孟湾海区的OLR场变化对云南雨季开始期的影响。结果表明,南海和孟湾海区OLR在云南雨季开始偏早年与偏晚年之间差异明显,南海海区前期的对流活动对云南雨季开始期有更显著的指示性,但孟湾海区对流的强弱仍是影响云南雨季开始期的重要因素之一。     

陕西汛雨开始日期异常的气候特征及其影响系统

利用陕西省1961-2018年逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA海温资料,基于合成分析、相关分析等方法,研究了陕西汛雨开始早晚的气候特征及其影响系统.结果表明:陕西入汛日具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,20世纪60年代主要以偏晚为主,70、80年代以偏早为主,90年代偏晚,进入21世纪以后以偏早为主,...     

An Alternative Index for the Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the South China Sea

1　Introduction　TheindicesfortheAsianmonsoonhavebeenstud iedinmanyworks .Recently ,thechoiceofpropermonsoonindiceshasreceivedexceptionalattentionandraisedcontroversy (WebsterandYang ,1 992 ;Goswa mietal.,1 999;Goswami,2 0 0 0 ;Wang ,2 0 0 0 ) .Us ingzona…     

P wave onset time picking with the B-spline biorthogonal wavelet

The seismic wave consists of many seismic phases, which contain rich geophysical information from the hypocenter, medium of seismic wave passing through and so on. It is very important to detect and pick these seis-mic phases for understanding the mechanism of earthquake, the Earth structure and property of seismic waves. In order to reduce or avoid the loss resulted from the earthquake, one of the important goals of seismic event detect-ing is to obtain its related information before and afte…     

Evolutionary Features of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) over the Arabian Sea and the Onset of Monsoon over Kerala during ARMEX-2003

In this study an attempt has been made to examine the evolutionary features of the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the marine atmosphere over the South-East Arabian Sea near 9.22°N, 74.51°E just two to three days prior to the onset of southwest monsoon over Kerala during 2003 and seek the linkages with the large-scale flow in the lower and middle troposphere at that time over the region. The marine meteorological data collected onboard ORV Sagarkanya as part of the experiment ARMEX-2003 for 4–8 June, 2003 are used. The monsoon onset over Kerala occurred on 8 June, 2003. The observed changes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) characteristics just two days prior to the onset are discussed. It is observed that the MABL increased in height up to 4 km on 6 June from an initial height 2.8 km on 5 June. The top of the MABL dried up (Relative Humidity RH ~ 30–40%) with weak and variable winds throughout the day on 6 June while the air at 850 hPa is relatively humid (RH ~ 50–80%) but not saturated. A sequential increase in RH is associated with a change in the winds from southwesterly to westerly from 6 June onwards until the onset date. The changes in the lower and middle troposphere flow patterns over the Arabian Sea and Indian region are highlighted.