农村集体土地所有权数据库建设方法研究

结合鹤壁市农村集体土地确权登记发证工作,探讨建设内业数据库的路线和方法。     

基于地名本体的地名知识表达方法

地名知识反映人们对客观世界地理命名实体的描述,如何对地名知识有效地组织和管理,实现语义级别的共享和重用是一项重要的研究课题。顾及人的常识性空间认知和地名的时空特征,提出了一种基于地名本体的地名知识统一形式化表达模型(TKURM),该模型包括地名本体、时空规则库和空间元知识,并对地名本体的地名要素、地名类型、几何形态、空间关系和时态模型做了具体分析。基于TKURM设计了地名知识库的构建流程,并以郑州市行政区划地名知识库为例进行了应用分析。     

单基站CORS在农村土地确权中的应用

介绍了单基站CORS的特点,阐述了其在农村集体土地确权中的使用范围,通过工程实例,重点论证了单基站CORS系统进行使用权界址点测绘和所有权图根点布设的精度。总结了应用单基站CORS在农村土地确权中的优点和不足。     

一次副热带高压边缘上大暴雨的中尺度特征分析

文章利用常规和自动气象站观测资料、卫星、闪电定位、雷达资料及NCEP分析资料,对2014年5月24—25日赣西地区致灾大暴雨的中尺度对流条件和对流系统的演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）高空槽东移、副热带高压边缘暖湿气流加强,以及冷空气影响,构成了此次大暴雨的天气背景条件。（2）地面中尺度辐合线是导致MβCS发展及加强的重要因子;多个结构密实、边界光滑的MβCS在赣西地区长时间维持,导致相应地区出现持续强降水天气;此次大暴雨过程中TBB≤-62℃的冷云云团位置和强度对地面降水有很好的指示作用,尤以TBB≤-72℃的中心区与强降水中心区吻合最好。（3）此次暴雨过程5 min雨量分布与地闪数的分布较重合,地闪跃增时刻在地面降水增大前出现,提前时间约10 min左右。（4）雷达径向速度图上的中尺度涡旋是导致此次暴雨发生的重要因素之一;在赣西地区存在显著的径向风辐合特征,且低空强西南风急流上叠加深厚径向风辐合区,有利于降水的加强和维持;另外在动力辐合和山地地形共同作用下,强劲的偏南风急流携带充沛水汽在赣西地区汇合,导致该地区出现连续性强降水。（5）最大雷达回波强度的变化对地面5 min雨强的变化有辅助参考,但预示性不明显;雷达风廓线产品对地面强降水的发生有较好的预报辅助作用,在此次大暴雨过程中该产品对赣西地区强降水预报辅助作用的“提前量”达2 h。     

Increased flexibility in base flow modelling using a power law transmissivity profile

The hydrological catchment model known as TOPMODEL, in its original and most widely‐used form, assumed that subsurface transmissivity decreases exponentially as subsurface water storage decreases. It has been shown that this leads to recession curves of discharge Q that take the form ? dQ/dt = aQ^b, where a is a constant and b = 2. In order to reproduce a wider range of recession, or base flow, behaviour, a power function for transmissivity was subsequently incorporated into TOPMODEL as an alternative to the exponential function. This was claimed to extend the realistic values of b to range from 1 to 2, inclusive. We show here that the power transmissivity function can also generate values of b > 2 without making unrealistic assumptions (beyond those arguably made in the original TOPMODEL), thus generating recession curves consistent with catchments showing prolonged base flow. Furthermore, the power transmissivity function can generate recession curves that steepen with time (b < 1). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trends and shifts in streamflow in Hawai‘i, 1913–2008

This study addresses a need to document changes in streamflow and base flow (groundwater discharge to streams) in Hawai‘i during the past century. Statistically significant long‐term (1913–2008) downward trends were detected (using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test) in low‐streamflow and base‐flow records. These long‐term downward trends are likely related to a statistically significant downward shift around 1943 detected (using the nonparametric Pettitt test) in index records of streamflow and base flow. The downward shift corresponds to a decrease of 22% in median streamflow and a decrease of 23% in median base flow between the periods 1913–1943 and 1943–2008. The shift coincides with other local and regional factors, including a change from a positive to a negative phase in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, shifts in the direction of the trade winds over Hawai‘i, and a reforestation programme. The detected shift and long‐term trends reflect region‐wide changes in climatic and land‐cover factors. A weak pattern of downward trends in base flows during the period 1943–2008 may indicate a continued decrease in base flows after the 1943 shift. Downward trends were detected more commonly in base‐flow records than in high‐streamflow, peak‐flow, and rainfall records. The decrease in base flow is likely related to a decrease in groundwater storage and recharge and therefore is a valuable indicator of decreasing water availability and watershed vulnerability to hydrologic changes. Whether the downward trends will continue is largely uncertain given the uncertainty in climate‐change projections and watershed responses to changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi-layer perceptrons with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm for suspended sediment concentration prediction and estimation / Prévision et estimation de la concentration en matières en suspension avec des perceptrons multi-couches et l’algorithme d’apprentissage de Levenberg-Marquardt

Abstract

Abstract The prediction and estimation of suspended sediment concentration are investigated by using multi-layer perceptrons (MLP). The fastest MLP training algorithm, that is the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, is used for optimization of the network weights for data from two stations on the Tongue River in Montana, USA. The first part of the study deals with prediction and estimation of upstream and down-stream station sediment data, separately, and the second part focuses on the estimation of downstream suspended sediment data by using data from both stations. In each case, the MLP test results are compared to those of generalized regression neural networks (GRNN), radial basis function (RBF) and multi-linear regression (MLR) for the best-input combinations. Based on the comparisons, it was found that the MLP generally gives better suspended sediment concentration estimates than the other neural network techniques and the conventional statistical method (MLR). However, for the estimation of maximum sediment peak, the RBF was mostly found to be better than the MLP and the other techniques. The results also indicate that the RBF and GRNN may provide better performance than the MLP in the estimation of the total sediment load.     

Updating Real-Time Flood Forecasting Using a Fuzzy Rule-Based Model/Mise à Jour de Prévision de Crue en Temps Réel Grâce à un Modèle à Base de Règles Floues

Abstract

An updating technique is a tool to update the forecasts of mathematical flood forecasting model based on data observed in real time, and is an important element in a flood forecasting model. An error prediction model based on a fuzzy rule-based method was proposed as the updating technique in this work to improve one- to four-hour-ahead flood forecasts by a model that is composed of the grey rainfall model, the grey rainfall—runoff model and the modified Muskingum flow routing model. The coefficient of efficiency with respect to a benchmark is applied to test the applicability of the proposed fuzzy rule-based method. The analysis reveals that the fuzzy rule-based method can improve flood forecasts one to four hours ahead. The proposed updating technique can mitigate the problem of the phase lag in forecast hydrographs, and especially in forecast hydrographs with longer lead times.     

摩擦-钢管混凝土短柱复合隔震支座性能试验与隔震分析

作者在钢管混凝土柱支座隔震房屋实验研究中发现,隔震支座中上盖与底座的接触无论如何处理,摩擦力总是存在的．因此,隔震支座实际上是摩擦耗能与钢管混凝土耗能复合减震系统。本文通过对单个和一组隔震支座的实验研究,确定了短柱支座的恢复力模型,采用了高阶单步算法分析了装有此类支座隔震结构的地震反应,验证了复合隔震支座良好的隔震性能及隔震效果。     

基础隔震房屋模型振动台试验研究

本文结合日本在建的基础隔震实际工程,采用中国有关工厂生产的铅芯橡胶支座的作为基础隔震支座,进行了基础隔震房屋模型和基础固家房屋模型模拟地震动台试验,并引入能量分析方法对两种试验结果进行了分析比较。结果表明,基础隔震模型隔震效果明显,隔震层滞回变能有效吸收地震动入能量,减小模型结构的塑性变形和累积损伤。