Climatology of Cloud-base Height from Long-term Radiosonde Measurements in China

Clouds are critical to the global radiation budget and hydrological cycle, but knowledge is still poor concerning the observed climatology of cloud-base height(CBH) in China. Based on fine-resolution sounding observations from the China Radiosonde Network(CRN), the method used to estimate CBH was modified, and uncertainty analyses indicated that the CBH is good enough. The accuracy of CBH estimation is verified by the comparison between the sounding-derived CBHs and those estimated from the micro-pulse lidar and millimeter-wave cloud radar. As such, the CBH climatology was compiled for the period 2006–16. Overall, the CBH exhibits large geographic variability across China, at both 0800 Local Standard Time(LST) and 2000 LST, irrespective of season. In addition, the summertime cloud base tends to be elevated to higher altitudes in dry regions [i.e., Inner Mongolia and the North China Plain(NCP)]. By comparison, the Tibetan Plateau(TP),Pearl River Delta(PRD) and Sichuan Basin(SCB) have relatively low CBHs( 2.4 km above ground level). In terms of seasonality, the CBH reaches its maximum in summer and minimum in winter. A low cloud base tends to occur frequently( 70%) over the TP, PRD and SCB. In contrast, at most sites over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and the NCP, about half the cloud belongs to the high-cloud category. The CBH does not exhibit marked diurnal variation in summer, throughout all CRN sites, probably due to the persistent cloud coverage caused by the East Asia Summer Monsson. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CBH climatology produced from sounding measurements in China, and provides a useful reference for obtaining observational cloud base information.     

地形数据对象存储组织方式及其分布策略研究

结合基于对象存储技术,将地形数据按平面格网划分成若干个瓦片,每个瓦片映射为一个对象存储在基于对象存储系统中。根据地形瓦片之间的位置相关性,提出一种地形数据矢量基对分布策略,将多个瓦片对象分布在多个基于对象存储设备中,充分发挥基于对象存储系统的并行性。并采用分布模板的思想来实现矢量基对分布策略,减小运算的复杂度。该策略保证查询窗口在一定范围内每台基于对象存储设备最多只被访问一次,且响应时间恒定。     

城市综合功能GIS数据库共建研究

共建城市综合功能GIS数据库可以避免重复建设,缩短建设周期,有利于地理信息资源的有序管理,有益于地理信息产业技术的发展.本文阐述了共建数据库设计原则及过程,在分析用户层次和用户需求的基础上,对数据库的开发设计进行了探讨,包括概念化设计和详细设计.最后,提出了城市综合功能GIS数据库共建方案.     

基于MGE的数字地图制图系统若干关键技术

本文在综述数字地图技术功能、特征、发展现状的基础上,介绍了ＭＧＥ数字地图制图系统的体系结构、技术流程和特点,进而从地图数据输入/数字化技术(包括地图的扫描输入、数字影像数据的输入处理、航摄资料的立体数字化、地图/ＧＩＳ数据库的提取４种)、地图色彩库和符号库的制作、地图组版和分色制版关键技术(分为一般地图、影像地图、图－文－图片混排地图等几种类型地图的组版和分色制版,以及一些特殊制图效果的实现技术等)、印刷地图与电子地图的互相转换等方面阐述了基于ＭＧＥ的数字地图制图系统的若干关键技术问题。这些技术对于数字地图环境的地图设计、编辑、印前处理等许多方面都有参考作用。最后,本文对于数字地图一体化的技术进行了展望。     

Seismic Response of Base-Isolated Structures underMulti-component Ground Motion Excitation

INTRODUCTIONConcept of base isolation has attracted considerable attention in recent years (Sun et al., 1994). The basic isolationsystem consists of an array of bearings between the base of thebuilding and its foundation. It shifts the fundamental frequencyof the structure away from the energetic region of the earthquake spectrum and limits the earthquake energy transmitted tothe superstructure (Tang and Liu, 1993 ). Base isolation isused widely to protect structures from the destructive…     

A new investigation on drift of base-line value in geomagnetic observation

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论我国山区农业的有序发展

本文通过追寻山区农业发展的历史趋向,依据山区农业生产的现状特点,用联系、发展的观点提出了实现我国山区农业有序发展的两条基本道路:1.耕上—土地—基地化建设的道路;2.种植业—大农业—商品农业的道路。并以此为基础,进一步分析了走上述两条道路所要实行的四项关键措施和重点注意的三个问题。     

微机大地测量数据库系统的数据模型化

本文论述了微机大地测量数据库系统的数据模型化问题,所设计的概念模式与大地测量实际具有较高的模拟精确度,逻辑设计考虑了模式的优化和DB的性能要求。文中对分块存贮方法的利弊进行了较深入的讨论,并提出了克服弊端的相应措施。     

一种基于规则的对比度增强方法

本文提出了一种基于规则的对比度增强方法;着重对均值和方差变换、规则库的建立和修改、局部增强技术等进行了探讨。实验结果表明,该方法优于大多数传统的图像增强方法。