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31.
32.
Jörg Overmann Gerhard Sandmann Ken J. Hall Tom G. Northcote 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(1):31-39
Vertical distribution of fossil carotenoids in a sediment core from meromictic Mahoney Lake was studied. Besides okenone and demethylated okenone, lutein and zeaxanthin and-carotene isomers were identified. No carotenoids typical for purple nonsulfur or green sulfur bacteria were detected. The ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein (above 1:1 in all samples) indicates a dominance of cyanobacteria over green algae in the phytoplankton assemblages of the past. Okenone, which is found exclusively in Chromatiaceae, was the dominating carotenoid in all sediment zones.The oldest sediment layers containing okenone were deposited 11 000 years ago. Between 9000 and 7000 and since 3000 years b.p., Chromatiaceae reached a considerable biomass in the lake. Vertical changes in okenone concentration were not related to changes of paleotemperatures. In contrast, okenone concentrations decreased during periods of volcanic ash input. During most of the lake history, however, mean okenone concentrations were positively correlated with sedimentation rates. This indicates that vertical changes of okenone concentration in the sediment reflect past changes of purple sulfur bacterial biomass in the lake.According to these results, the past limnology of Mahoney Lake resembled that of the present with a sulfide-containing monimolimnion and a well-developed population of okenone-bearing purple sulfur bacteria. 相似文献
33.
Lichun LIU Yuting CHEN Kuanyu CHEN Jyhyih LEU Tsungkwei LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):67-67
High concentrations of arsenic and humic substances in groundwater from the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan were well known for their probable relationships with black-foot disease. In order to realize the relationships between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic in this area, 24 well water samples were analyzed. After filtered through 0.45 μm glass fiber membrane in the field, samples were kept in the dark at 4℃ and then separated into six fractions with varying range of molecular weight (〈0.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-50 and 〉50 k Da) by ultrafiltration apparatus (Molecular/Por Stirred Cell system) in the lab. Concentrations of humic substances were measured by fluorescence spectrometer (HITACHI F-2000, ex=370, em=445) and arsenic by FIAS-AA (Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100, FIAS-400). On average, only 6.2% of the total arsenic in water existed in the fraction of 〉0.5 k Da. and the others were complexed with humic substances (including humic acid and fulvic acid). The results demonstrated a distinct positive correlation between the concentrations of humic substances and arsenic. 相似文献
34.
Yoko Fujikawa Daisuke Yoneda Atushi Minami Hiroshi Yashima Toshio Tonokai Sotoji Tani Masami Fukui Tatuhide Hamasaki Masataka Sugahara 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):113-113
Biological iron and manganese removal utilizing indigenous iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria (IRB hereafter) in groundwater can also be applied to arsenic removal according to our pilot-scale test. The arsenic removal probably occurred through sorption and complexation of arsenic to iron and manganese oxides formed by enzymic action of IRB. We investigated the chemical properties of iron and manganese oxides in IRB floc and the valence state of arsenic sorbed to the floc to clarify the mechanisms of the arsenic [especially As (Ⅲ)] removal. The floc samples were collected from two drinking water plants using IRB (Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama, Japan), and our pilot - scale test site where arsenic and iron removal using IRB is under way (Mukoh, Japan). The Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama IRB floc samples were subjected to As (Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) sorption experiments. The elemental composition of the floc samples was measured. XANES spectra were collected on As, Fe and Mn K-edges at synchrotron radiation facility Spring 8 (Hyogo, Japan). FT-IR and the X-ray diffraction spectra of the samples were also obtained. The IRB floc contained ca. 35 % Fe, 0.3%-3.5% Mn and 2%-6% P. The samples were highly amorphous and contained ferrihidrites and hydrated iron phosphate. According to XANES analyses of IRB, As associated with IRB was in +5 valence state when As (Ⅲ) (or As (Ⅴ)) was added in laboratory sorption test, Fe in +3 valence state, and Mn a mixture of+3 and +4 valence states. Small shift was observed in the XANES spectra of IRB on As K-edge as the equilibration time of the sorption experiment was increased. Gradual oxidation of a small amount of As (Ⅲ) associated with IRB or change in arsenic binding with sorption site were the probable mechanism. 相似文献
35.
Christina A. Kellogg 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):218-219
Desert winds aerosolize several billion tons of soil-derived dust each year, including concentrated seasonal pulses from Africa and Asia. Huge dust events create an atmospheric bridge over continents and oceans, and eject a large pulse of soil-associated microorganisms into the atmosphere. These dust events might therefore have a role in expanding the biogeographical range of some microorganisms by facilitating rare long-distance dispersal events. The goal of this study is to characterize the microbes associated with African dust events and determine if they pose a risk to humans or downwind ecosystems. Air samples were collected by vacuum filtration in a source region (Mali, West Africa) during dust events and plated on R2A media to culture microorganisms. These organisms were compared to those in similar samples collected in the Caribbean during Saharan/Sahelian dust events. A high-volume liquid impinger is currently being tested in Barbados, collecting aerosol samples during African dust events. Over 100 bacteria and fungi (19 genera of bacteria and three genera of fungi) have been characterized from source region dust events. 相似文献
36.
本文对影响南极细菌S-15-13生长和胞外多糖产量的主要环境因子进行了研究,同时采用16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育分析方法对其进行了分子鉴定。结果表明:菌株S-15-13最佳产糖条件为:培养时间,56h;培养温度,8℃;碳源,1.0%葡萄糖;NaCl浓度,3.0%;pH,6.0-7.0。16S rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析表明,菌株S-15-13属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoaltero- monas)。 相似文献
37.
38.
覆盖在北极海洋上的广阔海冰为其内部生存的微生物群落提供了一个独特的生境。研究表明 ,大量海冰细菌能够分泌产生胞外酶 ,其中产蛋白或脂质水解酶细菌的比例远高于产多糖水解酶的细菌。温度、盐度是直接影响海冰细菌生存与活力的 2个主要环境因子。 76%的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌为低温菌 ,菌株只能在 <35°C条件下生长 ;而 98%的酪蛋白酶最适作用温度≥ 35°C ,其中 62 %的酶最适作用温度≥ 45°C。几乎所有的产酪蛋白酶海冰细菌都耐盐或嗜盐 相似文献
39.
泥炭藓是贫营养泥炭类型中的建群植物,由于生态水环境主要靠大气降水补给,少受其他水源的污染,可自然反映古降水、古湿度的情况,所以是古气候研究最理想的纤维素同位素测试材料之一。因此,弄清我国贫营养泥炭沉积的物质组成及水化学环境特征,具有重要意义。笔根据多年来的国内外野外调查,结合收集到的资料,以东北大小兴安岭山地的泥炭辞贫营养泥炭地为基础,与美国、加拿大以及俄罗斯等国家的同类泥炭地相比较,对我国贫营养泥炭沉积的物质组成、理化特性及水化学环境做了系统的分析研究,并就此讨论了湿地保护中的一些实际问题,以及相应的对策。 相似文献
40.
滇池微生物解磷与聚磷作用的实验研究及磷的现代沉积与微生物成矿作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
滇池是世界上磷质来源最丰富的湖泊,是研究磷的现代沉积和微生物对磷循环作用及微生物成矿的天然场所。研究发现,滇池微生物种群和数量繁多,但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。这两类微生物与滇池磷的含量之间有一系列规律的相关性:在底泥磷高含量区域,解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系,与水体磷含量成正相关关系,而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系,与水体磷含量成负相关关系;在底泥磷低含量区域,上述相关性则相反。滇池中这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用,对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的依据,而且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。 相似文献